Unbroken by Laura Hillenbrandâ€Discussion Questions

'Solid' by Laura Hillenbrand-Discussion Questions  Unbroken by Laura Hillenbrand is the genuine story of Louis Zamparini, who was an Olympic sprinter that made due for over a month on a pontoon in the Pacific Ocean in the wake of smashing his plane during World War II. He was then taken as a Prisoner of War by the Japanese. Hillenbrand recounts to his story in parts, and these book club questions are additionally separated by parts of the book so gatherings or people can talk about the story after some time or spotlight on the regions they need to examine all the more profoundly. Spoiler Warning: These inquiries contain insights concerning the finish of Unbroken. Finish each area before perusing the inquiries for that part. Part I Is it safe to say that you were keen on Part I, which was for the most part about Louis adolescence and running career?How do you think his youth and Olympic preparing helped him endure what might come later? Part II Were you amazed by what number of servicemen passed on in flight preparing or in planes that went down outside of combat?Superman got 594 openings in the fight over Nauru. What's your opinion of the depictions of this air fight? Is it accurate to say that you were amazed by their capacity to make due notwithstanding being hit such a large number of times?Did you pick up anything new about the Pacific auditorium during World War II through this piece of the book? Part III How would you think Louie endure the crash?What were subtleties of the mens endurance on the pontoon generally intriguing to you? How they found and spared water or food? The manners in which they kept up their psychological keenness? The absence of arrangements in the life raft?What job did passionate and mental state play in Phil and Louies endurance? How could they keep their psyches sharp? For what reason was this important?Were you astounded by how brutal the sharks were?Louie had a few strict encounters on the pontoon that prompted another confidence in God: enduring the gunning by the Japanese aircraft, the quiet day adrift, the arrangement of water and seeing singing in the mists. What do you think about these encounters? How were they imperative to his biography? Part IV Is it safe to say that you were mindful of how seriously the Japanese rewarded Prisoners of War during World War II? Were you astounded to figure out how much more terrible it was for men caught in the Pacific war than for those caught by Nazis?When Louie is met soon after his discharge, he says If I realized I needed to experience those encounters once more, Id execute myself (321). As they were experiencing it, how would you think Louie and Phil endure the starvation and mercilessness they looked as prisoners?What were the manners in which the Japanese attempted to break the mens spirits? For what reason does the creator center around how this was more regrettable from numerous points of view than the physical cold-bloodedness? What do you believe was the hardest thing the men needed to endure?Later in the account, we discover that the Bird and a considerable lot of different fighters were acquitted? What's your opinion of this decision?How do you think the men got away from the Ki ll All order?Why do you think Louies family never surrendered trust that he was alive? Part V Epilog From multiple points of view, Louies unwinding isn't astounding considering all he persevered. Subsequent to going to the Billy Graham campaign, in any case, he never encountered another vision of the Bird, he spared his marriage and he had the option to proceed onward with his life. For what reason do you think this is? What jobs did pardoning and appreciation play in his capacity to proceed onward? How could he see God at work all through his entire experience in spite of the unfathomable enduring he experienced?From the snapshot of their salvage through the current day distributing of this book and the film adjustment, Louie Zamparini has gotten critical media consideration while Allen Phillips was treated as an inconsequential commentary in what was commended as Louies story (385). For what reason do you feel that was?Louie kept on having experiences well into mature age? What parts of his post-war story were generally striking to you?Rate Unbroken on a size of 1 to 5. Subtleties of the book: Solid by Laura Hillenbrand was distributed in November 2010.Publisher: Random House496 PagesThe film adjustment of Unbroken was discharged in December 2014.

Analysis of Barbara Kruger

Investigation of Barbara Kruger For this short exposition composing I get a case of single contemporary craftsman Barbara Kruger. Barbara Kruger is an American calculated craftsman. A great deal of her exertion comprises of high contrast photos overlaid with revelatory inscriptions in white-on-red Futura Bold Oblique. The expressions in her works as often as possible comprise of utilization of pronouns, for example, â€Å"you†, â€Å"your†, â€Å"I†, â€Å"we†, and â€Å"they†. I start my exposition with the answer how Barbara Kruger be viewed as illustrative of Baudrillard’s or Barthes’ speculations. Postmodernism was conceived out of a reaction contrary to the strategy of Modernism. Most especially, Postmodern specialists disposed of the Modernist fixation on the tasteful and started by scrutinizing the perceived characteristics attached to this stylish. As the Postmodern development advanced, this scrutinize increased and moved past basically formal concerns; spec ialists likewise started reprimanding numerous fundamental thoughts of Modernism, along with thoughts regarding imagination and authority. At the same time, French savants Roland Barthes and Jean Baudrillard presented hypotheses concerning the rising creative acts of assignment and recreation. Barthes, in his elaboration on the hypothesis of apportionment, depicted standards and practices that a ton of specialists were utilizing in their studies on Modernism. Crafted by American craftsman Barbara Kruger gives the most impressive exemplification of Barthes’ speculations of assignment. Roland Barthes, in his 1967 article â€Å"The Death of the Author,† stripped commonly authority and initiation from craftsmen and journalists, announcing, â€Å"A content isn't a line of words discharging a solitary ‘theological’ meaning (the ‘message’ of the Author-God), yet a multi-dimensional space in which an assortment of works, none of them new, mix and col lide.† This hypothesis not just depicted the postmodern imaginative acts of the time, however it sabotaged Modernism’s grandiose objectives and cases of making unique fine art. As indicated by Barthes, no creator or craftsman makes something new and extraordinary. Rather, every shaped thing is a reused disgorging of that which went before it. As Postmodernism kept on creating, numerous specialists recognized Barthes’s denouncement of inventiveness as well as held onto it as a methods through which to additionally investigate the works and fundamentals of Modernism. These specialists supported the readymade object as more remarkable than the as far as anyone knows new made articles molded by Modernist craftsmen. By transparently recognizing the procedure of allocation that happens inside the assembling of all workmanship, these craftsmen utilized the intensity of prior symbolism and signs to create â€Å"new† works with numerous layers and different implica tions. Barbara Kruger started her profession as a visual fashioner and business craftsman for distributions and magazines, for example, Mademoiselle. Her work as a postmodern craftsman gathered consideration in the mid 1980s; around fifteen years after the fact than Barthes distributed â€Å"The Death of the Author.† Kruger’s involvement with the beneficial plan world extraordinarily affected her work both authoritatively and insightfully. She grasped both the symbolism and language of publicizing, joining highly contrasting photos with vague however accusatory explanations in collection like introductions. In any case, she simultaneously dismissed the ways of thinking of business promoting and the greater part, by bringing up issues concerning sex equity, commercialization, and generalizations.

Why Do We Need The Word Frenemies

Why Do We Need The Word Frenemies Six months late (as usual), I’ve finally worked  through my TBR list far enough to get to Elena Ferrantes My Brilliant Friend, the first in her much-discussed Neapolitan trilogy,  and boy, do I get the hype.  My immediate reaction was that this a book that will launch a thousand essays: on class, gender, violence, and sexual identity. The book offers so much for analysis and reflection. What captivated me most, though, at least in this initial read, was the rich, complicated,  and deeply-felt relationship between the book’s two adolescent protagonists, Elena and Lila. But about a quarter of the way into this fascinating read, I felt a sudden I sudden sinking in my stomach. Oh god, I thought,  this is the kind of friendship people are going to label  â€˜frenemies.’ I am genuinely no snob nor am I here to play language police (could not think of anything more boring, honestly), but I will admit to a knee-jerk skepticism when hearing or reading the word “frenemy.” My problem with the word frenemy is not with its existence or its cute, portmanteau formulation but with its application. I think it is over- and mis-used and because language has power, I worry that “frenemy” might affect how some people perceive female friendships and women in general. “Frenemy” has been become somewhat of a crutch, a suffocating, reductive shorthand for any friendship that isn’t between bosom friends or Ya-Ya sisters. I am also suspicious of the word’s implicit gendering; sure, there is nothing specifically feminine about it, but when was the last time you heard the word applied anyone other than (typically adolescent) women? (I feel similarly, by the way, about frenemy’s cousin, “bromance.” The fact that we need separate words for both a female friendship that contains elements of competition or conflict and a male friendship that is characterized by expressions of love and devotion reveals some seriously MESSED UP assumptions about gender and relationships). In its very structure the word “frenemy” reconciles two opposite poles friend and enemy but more often than not, the relationship in question is not one of opposites; more often than not, it could just be categorized by the word friend. Imperfect friend. Competitive friend. Complicated friend. But friend none the less. You know who are frenemies? Magneto and Professor X are frenemies. They are former friends who still maintain affection and respect for each other but they are often literally on opposing sides in a goddamn war. THAT is a frenemy. A teenage girl who has a deep platonic attachment to someone with whom she also competes for grades or even, even boys is not a frenemy. My Brilliant Friend  gives its young female friendship breathing space. Ferrante’s portrayal is of a scorchingly intense, complicated relationship that seamlessly integrates affection with rivalry; she never allows the latter to completely overpower the former and never raises even the faintest doubt that the friendship between Elena and Lila is the most important and rewarding relationship in both their lives. Ferrante allows for a back and forth between the two girls: for a power dynamic that is weighted but shifting.Sharp, perceptive and self-determined, Lila appears to be the dominant personality or of the leader of the pair figuratively, but also sometimes literally dragging Lenu by the hand toward danger, change or adventure. And yet there are a number of significant ways in which Elena goes first: she gets to continue her formal education, even until high school; she is the first to hit puberty and the first to attract the attention of a boy. The pair constantly compare, contrast, and compete; as a foil only the other will do. Elena is constantly saying that Lila is the only one who understands her and the only person worth talking to, really. While the typically undemonstrative Lila never quite explicitly returns that sentiment, the regularity with which she seeks out her friend for support suggests reciprocity, as does the moment when Elena realizes that Lila occasionally at her own powers of persuasion and singles Elena out because she is the only one who challenges her. Ferrante also understands that there is a difference between wanting what your friend has and wanting to take it from her. Elena and Lila find themselves on both sides of that line at different points in the book, but notably only when they believe that what the other has (education, an engagement) threatens to separate them. As of now I have only read My Brilliant Friend,  and I know theres risk in writing about it as an example of the insufficiency and oversimplification of the term frenemy  before Ive finished the series.  I considered waiting until I had finished the entire Neapolitan trilogy before writing but I changed my mind. After all, what impressed me about this book is the power and complexity it ascribes to specifically young female friendships, so it felt fitting to write about and process it the way we experience our childhood friendships: without knowing what comes next. ____________________ Book Riot Live is coming! Join us for a two-day event full of books, authors, and an all around good time. Its the convention for book lovers that weve always wanted to attend. So we are doing it ourselves.

Questions On Health And Wellness - 1389 Words

Title: 7 Ways to Prevent Testicles Shrinking Category: Health Wellness Tags: shrinking balls, small gonads, testicular atrophy Summary: There are several reasons why your testicles might be shrinking. There are also several solutions that can help bring them back to size. Article: If you’re male — and haven’t already — get to know your testes. All men should know how their testicles feel, and further report any changes to their physician. If you’re experiencing testicular atrophy (shrinking testicles) you’re probably a little frightened and wondering what the heck is happening below. Let’s delve into possible reason and possible solutions for shrinking testes. Get more sleep Most understand the importance of a good night’s rest for†¦show more content†¦Together, these processes eventually lead to testicular shrinkage in both animals and humans. However, the study was primarily created to see if testicle could â€Å"bounce back† to their original size through alcohol-abstinence. And the good news is, if you stop drinking, or even reduce your chronic intake of alcohol, your testicle will likely regain their full size. Avoid aluminum You may not have realized this but aluminum can be found widely throughout daily life. In fact, it’s the most abundant metal in the earth s crust. Aluminum is used to make food and beverage cans, pots and pans, airplanes, siding and roofing, foil and a variety of consumer products such as: Antacids and buffered aspirins Astringents and cosmetics Antiperspirants Flour and baking powder Coloring agents and anticaking agents Aluminum compounds can also be found in water treatment, pharmaceuticals, utensils and food additives. So, it makes it difficult to avoid exposure. The problem is, over-exposure to aluminum may contribute to a low sperm count and infertility in men, with a side effect of smaller testicles. A study published in the International Journal of Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology reviewed the toxic effect of aluminum exposure on the male reproductive system. Researchers found a link between exposure and adverse effects on sperm motility, viability and count, histology of testis and epididymis (ductShow MoreRelatedQuestions On Health And Wellness908 Words   |  4 Pagesyou asked students to share with the class to define what the words health and wellness meant. At first I didn’t know what the actual definitions for neither of the words. I always just had the idea that health was more based on what you eat, and wellness was more about the physical part, like working out and exercis ing. Those were my definitions of health and wellness, but I never really thought about the other dimensions of wellness, such as; emotional, intellectual, interpersonal, spiritual, andRead MoreNutrition : Health And Wellness797 Words   |  4 PagesLark Group topic: Health and Wellness In today’s session, PO learned about how drugs and alcohol can disrupt the normal functioning of the body and how better nutrition can help diminish some of these biochemical and digestive problems. PO had moderately participated in the group activities and discussion by actively asking and answering questions that address â€Å"Balanced Nutrition†. PO seemed to gain an understanding about how poor diet choices and nutritional deficiencies plays role in his recoveryRead MorePersonal Statement On Health Consciousness1208 Words   |  5 PagesABSTRACT Our health conscientiousness and intellect is part of our inner self that helps makes decisions. However, our health consciousness guides our intellect to take decisions for our wellbeing and the intellect keeps our minds under its own control so it would not be taken for a different route by outside sensory objects. Health consciousness is part of our natural intelligence that always remains inside of us. We may not always access it, but we do have it inside of us. Results show thatRead MoreInfluence Of Professional Athletes On The Lifestyle Choices Of University Of Michigan1503 Words   |  7 Pagespolitics, health and wellness, and product use. A Qualtrics survey was distributed to students via social media, email, and flyers; seventy-seven responses were analyzed. The results indicated that, overall, professional athletes have a relatively small influence on the lifestyle choices of U-M undergraduates. There is insufficient evidence to suggest that the mean difference betw een the level of influence professional athletes have on males and females in the areas of politics and health and wellnessRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act For Wellness Programs1434 Words   |  6 Pages In recent years, health has become an increasing concern as obesity rates climb around the world, and especially in the United States. According to the World Health Organization (2015), obesity rates have doubled since the 1980s and will continue to rise if this trend continues. There are many factors that contribute to this obesity epidemic, which include larger portion sizes, more processed foods, changes in technology, and fewer jobs that require manual work. As waist sizes are growing, so areRead MoreWellness Programs Affecting The Workplace1238 Words   |  5 PagesWellness Programs Affecting the Workplace Company wellness programs may be the answer to help company managers and employees live an overall better lifestyle. Wellness â€Å"is understood to reach physical health to encompass a more holistic mind-body approach that also considers good mental and emotional health† (Walsh, 2015). The purpose of the wellness program is to go further than the physical appearance and help from the inside out. Helping the inside of the body to become healthier is more beneficiallyRead MoreEssay On Tax Incentives714 Words   |  3 Pagesof this paper is to recommend having tax incentives for employers who offer wellness programs to Governor Jaia which improves the health status of residents in the state while positively impacting the state’s economy. A tax incentive is defined as â€Å"a reduction in taxes that encourages companies or people to do something that will help the countrys economy† (cambridge.dictionary.org). The tax incentive for this health initiative will a nalyze the state’s economic bottom line while considering supplyRead MoreHistory Of Medicare Part B Reimbursement774 Words   |  4 Pagessome simple household chores, such as, housekeeping, running errands, meal preparation and driving me to the doctor. Is that covered by the home health aide benefit? According to the CSA Welfare Fund it is covered, providing the helper comes from a licensed home care agency and you have a doctor’s prescription. The benefit is the same as for a home health aide. After $100 annual deductible, you are reimbursed 80% of the cost up to a maximum of $8,000 annually, lifetime limit of $24,000. The CSA RetireeRead MoreA Wellness Approach to Health1236 Words   |  5 PagesWellness Approach to Health Life expectancy in the United States is below most of the developed world and yet Americans pay the most for healthcare (CIA). The reason that Americans are so low on the list is their dependency on conventional medicine. Whereas other countries take a holistic approach to overall health and wellness, preventing diseases before they become a problem, the American system of medicine treats illnesses and the symptoms without preventing further damage. The result is anRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act Is A Big Item1701 Words   |  7 Pagesvery important in health care reform and very positive for the American people. Wellness in the workplace has become a very important issue to help reduce companies medical cost, and to help employees get on track to know their numbers, get healthy, and have a positive healthy mental attitude. Many employees do not understand or know how to get healthy and live a healthy lifestyle. With the rising cost of healthcare relating to people not taking c are of their bodies, wellness in the workplace has

What Aquatic Insects Tell Us About Water Quality

The types of insects and other invertebrates living in the worlds lakes, rivers or oceans can tell us if that water source has very high or very little water pollutants. There are a number of ways that the scientific community and environmental agencies measure water quality, such as taking the temperature of the water, testing the pH and water clarity, measuring the level of dissolved oxygen, as well as determining the levels of nutrients and toxic substances. It seems looking at insect life in the water might be the easiest and perhaps most cost-effective method especially if the surveyor can tell the difference from one invertebrate to the next upon visual examination. It can eliminate the need for frequent, costly chemical tests. Bioindicators, which are sort of like a canary in a coalmine—are living organisms that indicate the quality of their environment by their presence or absence, according to Hannah Foster, postdoctoral researcher in bacteriology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The main reason to use bioindicators is that chemical analysis of water provides only a snapshot of the quality of a body of water. Importance of Water Quality Monitoring Adverse changes to the water quality of one stream can impact all the bodies of water it touches. When water quality degrades, changes to plant, insect and fish communities may occur and can affect the entire food chain. Through water quality monitoring, communities can assess the health of their streams and rivers over time. Once baseline data on the health of a stream is collected, subsequent monitoring can help identify when and where pollution incidents occur. Using Bioindicators for Water Sampling Doing a survey of bioindicators, or biological water quality monitoring involves collecting samples of aquatic macroinvertebrates. Aquatic macroinvertebrates live in water for at least part of their life cycle. Macroinvertebrates are organisms without backbones, which are visible to the eye without the aid of a microscope. Aquatic macroinvertebrates live on, under and around rocks and sediment on the bottoms of lakes, rivers, and streams. Aquatic macroinvertebrates include species of insects, worms, snails, mussels, leeches, and crayfish. For example, sampling macroinvertebrate life in a stream when monitoring water quality is useful because these organisms are easy to collect and identify, and tend to stay in one area unless environmental conditions change. Simply put, some macroinvertebrates are highly sensitive to pollution, while others tolerate it. Certain types of macroinvertebrates found thriving in a body of water can tell you if that water is clean or polluted. Highly Sensitive to Pollution When found in high numbers, macroinvertebrates like adult riffle beetles and gilled snails can serve as bioindicators of good water quality. These creatures are usually highly sensitive to pollution. These organisms tend to require highly dissolved oxygen levels. If these organisms were once abundant, but subsequent sampling shows a decline in numbers, it may indicate that a pollution incident occurred. Other organisms that are highly sensitive to pollution include: Mayflies (nymphs)Caddisflies (larvae)Stoneflies (nymphs)Water PenniesHellgrammites (dobsonfly larvae) Somewhat Tolerant of Pollution If there is an abundance of a certain type of macroinvertebrates, like clams, mussels,  crayfish, and sowbugs, that can indicate that the water is in fair to good condition. Other macroinvertebrates that are somewhat tolerant of pollutants include: Alderflies (larvae)Dragonflies and Damselflies (nymphs)Whirligig Beetles (larvae)Riffle Beetles (larvae)Fishflies (larvae)Scuds Pollution Tolerant Certain macroinvertebrates, like leeches and aquatic worms, thrive in poor quality water. An abundance of these organisms suggests environmental conditions in a body of water have deteriorated. Some of these invertebrates use snorkels to access oxygen at the waters surface  and are less dependent on dissolved oxygen to breathe. Other pollution-tolerant macroinvertebrates include: Black Flies (larvae)Midge Flies (larvae)Lunged Snails

If one character from 12th Night could feature in a Simpsons Episode, who would it be Free Essays

William Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night is a comedy about a young girl, Viola, who is separated from her twin brother due to a shipwreck. Viola dresses up as a man in order to make a living, but runs into some dilemmas along the way. During her endeavors, some interesting characters are introduced in Twelfth Night, one of whom is the humorous Sir Toby Belch. We will write a custom essay sample on If one character from 12th Night could feature in a Simpsons Episode, who would it be? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sir Toby is Countess Olivia’s alcoholic uncle, who loves to play pranks and have fun. He could appear on an episode of the Simpsons, because he adds to the plot, and he has comedic potential guaranteed to appeal to Simpsons fans. Sir Toby Belch would be a great guest star to appear on the episode â€Å"Twelfth Night, or Whatever.† because of his ability to add to the plot. Sir Toby is an alcoholic, and this could be greatly exaggerated in the Simpsons episode. In a scene from the play, the extent of Sir Toby’s alcoholism was portrayed when he commented â€Å"I’ll drink to [her] as long as there is a passage in my throat and drink in Illyria.† (1.3.35). This would be a sight to see, and maybe lead to Sir Toby drinking too much and learning a lesson. Sir Toby’s love of alcohol could be helpful in his interaction with other Simpsons’ characters. For example, Sir Toby is seen persuading Sir Andrew to join him, saying â€Å"Come come, I’ll go burn some sack. ‘Tis too late to go to bed now.† (2.3.165)†. Seeing how he loves to interact with friends while drinking, he could easily become acquainted with Homer and his friends in settings like Moe’s Tavern. Perhaps they could could become drinking buddies. The interactions in their inebriated state could result in some very amusing and interesting scenes. Sir Toby has a lot of comedic potential, which would be a big contributing factor to his character development. He is sure to stand out in this episode because of his silly antics, including his accidental wordplay. While Sir Toby is talking to Sir Andrew about dance, Sir Andrew gloats, â€Å"Faith, I can cut a caper.† Sir Toby responds, â€Å"And I can cut the mutton to ‘t’†. Sir Toby intentionally mistakes caper (dance) for caper (a condiment) (1.3.102-103) Sir Toby’s wordplay could be used to the character’s advantage in frustrating or confusing various Simpsons characters. Although he may be a careless, joyful man, he is also quite manipulative. Sir Toby is a prankster, and enjoys having fun at the expense of others. During a conversation between Sir Andrew and Sir Toby, for example, Sir Toby manipulates Sir Andrew in order to benefit from his wealth. Sir Toby encourages Sir Andrew to stay by reassuring him that â€Å"She’ll none o’ the count. She’ll not match above her degree, neither in estate, years, nor wit. I have heard her swear it. Tut, there’s life in ‘t, man.† (1.3.105-107). Sir Toby gives Sir Andrew false hope so that he will be able use Sir Andrew’s money on alcohol. Sir Toby could easily provide a hilarious episode by manipulating and encouraging other characters to do ridiculous and stupid things. Sir Toby would be a great character to make an appearance on an episode of The Simpsons because of his potential contributions and his ridiculous antics. Sir Toby would provide the most entertainment out of any other Twelfth Night character, which would prove to be valuable for for a comedy television show like the Simpsons. How to cite If one character from 12th Night could feature in a Simpsons Episode, who would it be?, Papers

Jose rizal reaction paper free essay sample

Jose Rizal is a 1998 Filipino biographical film of the Philippine national hero Jose Rizal directed by Marilou Diaz-Abaya and starring Cesar Montano as Jose Rizal. At the time of its release, it was the most expensive film in the history of Philippine cinema with a budget of over PhP. 80 million. The film was an official entry to the 1998 Metro Manila Film Festival. Upon release, the film met a universal critical acclaim. Jose Protacio Mercado Alonzo y Realonda Rizal (June 19, 1861 – Dec 30, 1896) Is most venerated and acclaimed patriot in the Philippines recognized for his unselfish contribution in the historical and social transformation in the country, he is one of the National heroes of the Philippines together with Andres Bonifacio. He also writes El Filibusterismo and Noli me Tangere. Rizal as a child was a lover of a Literature art and wrote a poem named â€Å"Ang aking mga kabata†. Rizal was born from wealthy Family in Calamba, Laguna and Seventh of eleven children of Francisco engracio Rizal and Teodora Alonzo Realonda de Quintos. We will write a custom essay sample on Jose rizal reaction paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Rizal had a Spanish and Japanese Ancestors. The grandfather and father of Teodora was a Half Spaniard engineer named Lorenzo Alberto Alonzo. His maternal great-great-grandfather was Eugenio Ursua, a descendant of Japanese settlers. Before he enrolled in Ateneo Municipal de Manila, Paciano Rizal advice Rizal dropped the last three names to make up his full name as â€Å"Jose Protasio Rizal†. Rizal writes â€Å"My family never paid much attention [to our second surname Rizal], but now I had to use it, thus giving me the appearance of an illegitimate child†Rizal first study under Justiniano Aquino Cruz in Binan, Laguna. Before he sent in manila he take entrance examination in Colegio de San Juan de Letran and at age 11, He enrolled at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila (now Ateneo de Manila), earn a Bachelor of Arts diploma and studied medicine at the University of Santo Tomas in Manila, he continued his studies of medicine in Universidad Central de Madrid in Madrid, Spain, earning the degree of Licentiate in Medicine, make him eligible to practice medicine. He also attended the University of Paris and earned and second doctorate at the University of Heidelberg. The 25 year-old Rizal he finished eye specialization in 1887 under professor Otto Becker. By 1896 he was arrested en route to Cuba via Spain and imprisoned in Barcelona. He was sent back to manila to stand in trial and imprisoned in Fort Santiago by issued a manifesto. And sentence in death by court martial by Rebillion, sedition and conspiracy. At December 30, 1896 before his execution by the squad of Filipino soldier of Spanish, a backup force of regular Spanish army stood ready to shoot before he was shot he requested to be shot in looking at the shooter and without a blindfold but they disagree but they agree on without a blindfold. Before be shot he shout his last word â€Å"consummatum est† (â€Å"it is finished)He was secretly buried in Paco cemetery in Manila with no identification on his grave but they mark the site with â€Å"RPJ† his initials in reverse..

My Redneck Style †Creative Writing Essay

My Redneck Style – Creative Writing Essay Free Online Research Papers Redneck: Used as a disparaging term for a member of the white rural laboring class†¦ A white person regarded as having a provincial, conservative, often bigoted attitude. This culture is often miss-interpreted. We are often confused with the stereotype of â€Å"white trash†, though we share an abundance of the same traits. We are a culture comprised of boots and old jeans, and we are brought up with lessons taught to us by our parents. The word can be used as a pejorative phrase, but to us it is used as a matter of pride. Although the stereotypes related to social behaviors, intelligence, and prejudice are applied to rednecks; they are respectful people full of love for the outdoors, and everlasting pride. Rednecks are often misjudged. There are seen as being disrespectful, racist people. Though this may true for some rednecks, it is not true for all. I for example, am not a racist person. I believe more in respecting everything including people and nature. Rednecks are usually brought up by there parents to be respectful. We try to stay strong to our teachings and remember the words of our elders. Respecting nature is a great deal to this subculture because we love it so much. If I get the choice of being inside or outside, my choice is always outside. We love to spend as much time outside as possible; camping, fishing, four-wheeling, etcetera. There is something about waking up in the woods to the fresh air, getting up and smelling and seeing the nature all around you. Back to the subject of four-wheeling, we love our trucks. A great way to tell if someone belongs to the redneck subculture is if they have a big truck with enormous tires, and a Confederate flag or an American flag. People often misunderstand what the Confederate flag represents to us, for it doesn’t represent racism and slavery. It has a greater meaning than just that. It more represents the way of the southern life. What some do not realize is that not only did the south have slaves, but slavery was very strong in the north. Rednecks have many traits are often seen as ignorant, but we come off that way because we have a tremendous amount of pride. Most of our pride is for our country, for our family comes fist closely followed by the U.S.A. Rednecks are often misunderstood, and the majority of people don’t really know what a redneck really is. Here is a man that truly understands what his culture is. Being a redneck is being proud of your roots and a true love for your father’s name. Where family and friends are first and strangers are just a vague, dismal blur in the distance. Rednecks are good ol boys/gals†¦Their necks are red and maybe their arms, too, cause they work hard and out in the heat all day. The group that is ridiculed by most, but deep down envied by all. Big truck tires, huntin’, fishin’, tractor pulls, country music, Charlie Daniels, and rebel flags†¦They usually drive pickup trucks with loud sounds that can usually be heard before seen. Most people just can’t understand how you can have such a weird lifestyle of cowboy hats and buckles†¦How can your friends be more important than yourself? This might be a question from a typical non-redneck. Where the outdoors are loved and where blue-collar labor is not looked down on but a way of life. Where hard hats are worn instead of pocket protectors. Where steel toe boots are worn instead of nice loafers. Where blue jeans and a flannel are preferred to a nice coat and tie. Rednecks are the people that make the world go round! -Jay Stanton Though people like to apply stereotypes to the redneck subculture, they are much deeper people then that. We are not the ‘racist slobs’ people see us as, for we are a prideful group full of respect for others and for the outdoors. Research Papers on My Redneck Style - Creative Writing Essay19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraWhere Wild and West MeetComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoHip-Hop is ArtQuebec and CanadaThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeCapital PunishmentHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Essay

A Brief History of the Selfie

A Brief History of the Selfie Selfie is the slang term for self portrait, a photograph you take of yourself, usually taken using a mirror or with a camera held at arms length. The act of taking and sharing selfies has become widely popular due to digital cameras, the internet, the ubiquity of social media platforms like Facebook and, of course, because of peoples endless fascination with their own image. The word selfie was even chosen as the Word of the Year in 2013 by the Oxford English Dictionary, which has the following entry for the word: a photograph that one has taken of oneself, typically with a smartphone or webcam and uploaded to a social media website. History of the Self Portrait So who took the first selfie? In discussing the invention of the first selfie, we have to first pay homage to the film camera and the early history of photography as photography self portraits were taking place long before the invention of Facebook and smartphones. One example is American photographer Robert Cornelius, who took a self portrait daguerreotype (first practical process of photography) of himself in 1839. The image is also considered one of the earliest photographs of a person. In 1914, 13-year-old Russian Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna took a self portrait using a Kodak Brownie box camera (invented in in 1900) and sent the photograph to a friend with the following note, I took this picture of myself looking at the mirror. It was very hard as my hands were trembling. Nikolaevna appears to have been the first teenager to take a selfie. So Who Invented the Selfie?   Australia has laid claim to inventing the modern day selfie. In September 2001, a group of Australians created a website and uploaded the first digital self portraits onto the internet. On 13 September 2002, the first recorded published use of the term selfie to describe a self portrait photograph occurred on the Australian internet forum (ABC Online). The anonymous poster wrote the following along with posting a selfie of himself: Um, drunk at a mates 21st, I tripped over and landed lip first (with front teeth coming a very close second) on a set of steps. I had a hole about 1cm long right through my bottom lip. And sorry about the focus, it was a selfie. A Hollywood cameraman named Lester Wisbrod claims he is first person to take celebrity selfies, (a self-taken photo of himself and a celebrity) and has been doing so since 1981. Medical authorities have begun to associate the taking of too many selfies as a potentially unhealthy sign of mental health issues. Take the case of 19-year-old Danny Bowman, who attempted suicide after failing to take what he considered the perfect selfie. Bowman was spending most of his waking hours taking hundreds of selfies everyday, losing weight and dropping out of school in the process. Becoming obsessed with taking selfies is often a sign of body dysmorphic disorder, an anxiety disorder about personal appearance. Danny Bowman was diagnosed with this condition.

The Separation of the Church and the State In the United States of Research Paper

The Separation of the Church and the State In the United States of America - Research Paper Example However, it could be noticed that the impending procedure of the law and how the church usually meddles with the procedures of the state in implementing the law in several occasions make this particular aim of separating both factors of the society somewhat unreal at several points of consideration (Boston, 2005, 18). This is the primary reason why this particular study is being commenced. The examination of the situation is indeed an important discussion as it directly affects the entire society and how religion and the law could be balanced as they are exercised in society. The issue being discussed in this paper is primarily based on the basic idea of the need of separating the responsibilities as well as the power of church and the state. This is primarily because of the separate aims of both sectors that make them particularly different from each other. Mixing both sectors of social function certainly brings about different conflicts within the systems of both sectors of the soc iety. (Mc Whirter, 1994, 16) The demarcation line between the state and the church begins with the educational amendments of the American practice in assisting the students gain knowledge about the Divinity of Religion towards the political involvement of the church within the different occasions that the government intend to decide on several issues that concern the society (Owen, 2000, 32). Because of the believed guidance that the church receives from the Grand Creator of all Things, some people tend to derive decisions from the church rather than simply relying on the law. (Hamburger, 2002, 47) Certain Protestant clergymen of the United States give much lip service to the principle of the separation of church and state. They loudly denounce any breaching of that wall by others, such as former President Truman's proposal to send an ambassador to the Vatican. But do they respect that wall of separation between church and state when it conflicts with their own interests to do so They do not (Owen, 2000, 43). Th e "Released Time" program by which school children are released from public schools so that they can take religious instructions elsewhere is a case in point. This program breaches the wall of separation in that it uses the state's compulsory school machinery to supply classes for religious organizations (Awake! 1989, 24).     

The role of the HR function Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The role of the HR function - Assignment Example Self development plan not only provides the self reflection but it also sets the path straight in terms of career Personal development program is very important. It provides the framework to the individual to conduct personal self assessment and identify his strengths and weaknesses. It helps in charting out the guideline to optimize and capitalize on the existing capabilities and determine the future path. It helps in identifying the areas of development and ways to enhance capabilities and knowledge and helps in deciding and developing a clear picture of the future in terms of career. Personal development plan is geared towards progress of both personality and self. A clear analysis of existing capabilities and desired ones helps in boosting self esteem and a clear picture of the future enable to add appropriate qualifications especially when you are vying for higher position (Attwood, 2005). This paper aims at creating my own personal development plan in the light of the different theories of personality, learning and leadership. Personal Development Plan A personal development plan consists of the following major steps. 1. What is my current state 2. What is my desired state 3. How do I get there? What is needed 4. ... So it is beneficial to identify the personality type first using the Myers Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI). MBTI It is one of the best known and most widely used for identifying personality and learning style. MBTI identifies the psychological type on four different scales namely Extraversion Vs Introversion (E-I), Sensing Vs Intuition (S-I), Thinking vs. Feelings (T-F) and Judging vs. perceiving (Gardner, 2009). The E-I indicator shows whether the energy and attention primarily comes from inside or from outside events. S-I indicators shows how the individual perceive the world and take the information whether directly from the five senses i.e. sensing or indirectly by using intuition. T-I indicator shows preferences in decision making either logical and rational or subjective values like based on like and dislike. The last indicator is J-P that shows individual’s choice whether to use judging or perceptive attitude for dealing with the environment (Knights et al 2007). I took MBT I online test to identify my personality. The test identified my personality type as ESFP. It shows I am an extrovert and I have the following characteristics sociable, outgoing, talkative, gregarious, active, optimist and impulsive. In my perceptions I rely on my five senses. Both of them are my strengths. However in my judgments I am not rational and logical and mostly make judgments based on my likes and dislike. That is a weakness. My attitude in dealing with the environment is based on perception rather than judging, it can also be considered a weakness (Ewing, 2006) Learning Style There are six types of learning styles namely reading, writing, listening, speaking, visualizing and manipulating. No one style is better than the other. Generally people use the learning style

Relationship between the mind and the brain

Relationship between the mind and the brain For centuries, philosophers and scientist have been trying to solve the problem of the mind-body (brain). The most prolific of the minds has wandered sleeplessly, trying to solve the mind-brain problem, yet, the mysteries behind our skulls remain hidden. This paper is an attempt to address the causality problem of the mind and the brain. Firstly, an overview over the philosophical theories will be done. Subsequently, evaluation of certain scientific findings which may hold the answer will be carried out. Finally, the essay will end with a conclusion about these findings. Part of the problem is whether one, (the mind or the brain), could plausible exist given the existence of the other. If this is the case, how are they associated? Does a relationship exist or are they two distinct realms. Many philosophers and scientists have made an attempt to explain and resolve the mind-brain problem. Two major philosophical theories have been proposed as a solution; dualism and monism. Followers of the dualistic theory argue that there are two fundamental entities mind and brain. The mind and the brain functions separately, without interchange. Conversely, monistic advocates, instead, argue that there is only one reality and the mind and the brain are formed from, or reducible to, the same ultimate substance or principle of being. The former, however, is hard to contradict and/or support scientifically and therefore is not popular amongst scientists and psychologists (Valentine, 1992). However, in recent years, a third explanation, pluralism, has emerged. Plural ism is a mix of both monism and dualism. It argues that there is one fundamental reality but it may display different aspect of the reality. In order to evaluate whether a relationship exists between the mind and the brain in the first place, we need to know if what the mind is. One explanation of the concept of mind is (1) conscious experience and (2) the system or program that governs behaviour (Valentine, 1992, pp. 21). For the simplicity, we will consider consciousness as the definition of the mind. However, we need to first explain what consciousness is. In psychology, consciousness is defined as our relative awareness of ourselves and our environments. Additionally, it is subjective for an individual, has changeable intensity and we have a sense of ourselves and our consciousness (Passer Smith, 2007). Consciousness has been studied using modern tools such as fMRI or PET. These studies have showed activation in several brain areas for a stimulus that is normally associated with a certain brain area (Dehaene Naccache 2001; Haier et al., 1992). Global workspace theory suggests that the otherwise independent brain reg ions functions as network enabled by the consciousness (Baars, 2002; Baars, 1997). Additionally, observational studies have indicated that certain brain injuries (blindsight, visual agnosia) have resulted in the loss of aspects of consciousness (Goodale, 2000; Kentridge et al., 2004; Weiskrantz, 2002). If we then assume that the mind is conscious experience, does the mind control the brain or is the mind a result of neural activity? Libet, Gleason, Wright and Pearl (1983) found that neural activity precedes conscious experience of indenting to act (the so-called readiness potential, RP). In a replication of this study by Haggard and Eimer (1999), awareness of movement followed a later module of the RP, the lateralized readiness potential (LRP). LRP represents the neural activity over the motor cortex in the hemisphere that controls the opposite side of the body. Haggard and Eimer (1999) suggested that awareness of movement may arise from neural processes linked to the selection of a n action to follow a certain goal. Additionally, part of the medial frontal cortex has been identifies as being responsible for intentional actions. Conversely, Haggard Libet (2001) note that the delay of conscious experience to the actual experience itself may be due to the P-centre phenomenon (Morton et al., 1976 c.f. Haggard Libet, 2001)., which originally refers to that the perceived onset of a acoustic words delays its actual onset, and seems to be drawn by the centre of the word. It is argued that this can be equally applied to internal events as intentions might also be extended in time. Haggard Libet (2001, pp. 7), argue that the earliest stages of that process could perhaps precede the LRP onset. However, new findings on cellular memory may oppose the notion consciousness being located only in the brain. A Japanese research group showed that an amoeba learned the patterns of a series of shocks at regular intervals and accordingly changed its behaviour in anticipation of the next one to come. Remarkably, the memory stayed for hours, even then the shocks stopped. A single renewed shock after a silent period left the plasmodia expecting another to follow in the same rhythm it learned earlier (Saigusa, Tero, Nakagaki Kuramoto, 2008). Additionally, these amoebas could also negotiate mazes and solve simple puzzles (Nakagaki, Yamada, TÃ ³th, 2000). The implications of these studies could go so far that it could be argued that consciousness may arise from some cellular or sub-cellular level of organization rather than nerve circuitry. There have been cases where organ receivers have unexplainably inherited traits which were not there prior to the transplantations. Although these cases are arbitrary and vague and there may be several other plausible explanations, the stories are interesting and may lead to some serious scientific investigation at some point in the future. On the other hand, conscious experience alone can not account for the mind as a majority of our behaviour also occur unconsciously. Jaynes (1986) listed several things such as, size, brightness, etc. that is preserved by our nervous system under widely varying environmental changes of light, distance etc. Additionally, consciousness is not necessary for learning. Conditioning, for example, is often subtly induced by some stimuli without our awareness. In fact, being conscious during conditioning hinders the effect of it once we are aware of the eventuality (Razran, 1971 c.f. Jaynes, 1986). If we, instead, discuss the concept of mind in terms of a system or program that governs behaviour (Valentine, 1993, chapter 3, pp. 20), the mind can be attributed a totally different role. It is established that the frontal lobes has a major role in our personality. The prefrontal cortex has a superior role in the neuropsychological system. It has access to a vast amount of information that is sto red and is processing in the brain. Additionally, it is able to directly and indirectly control activation of the cerebral resources. In particular, the dorsolateral region of the prefrontal cortex has been identified as being responsible for coordination, psychological control and executive functions. The motor and sensory network is closely weaved together with the area, which enables it to have full access to information about the condition of the own body and the surrounding world as well as having the opportunity to integrate with the environment. It has also a close relationship to the orbital cortex, which is associated with our thoughts, decision-making and behaviour influenced by emotional and social values of situations as it has a high number of interconnections with the limbic system. Damage to the dorsolateral region is characterized by loss of the ability to take initiative, psychological independence and integrity. The patient becomes passive, impulsive and aimless. S he is not able to mobilize and orient attention or thoughts in an organized manner. However, as prefrontal cortex is highly complicated, it has been difficult to closely investigate exactly what sort of psychological work that bark area executes, which has made this part of the brain a riddle to be solved (Eriksson, 2001). Considering these facts and the fact that the dorsolateral cortex is highly situated in the hierarchy of the brain, it could be argued that the area is the place where the mind resides. In this sense, the mind is an extension and the superior of the brain. Evolutionary speaking, this would make sense. According to Paul MacLean, three distinct brains emerged successively in the course of evolution and co-inhabit the human skull. These are, in evolutionary-time order, reptile brain, limbic brain and the neo-cortex (Holden, 1979). These three parts do not operate independently of one another; rather, they have established numerous interconnections through which they influence another (Passer Smith, 2007). In a similar way, the mind might somehow evolved in parallel with the neo-cortex. Nevertheless, in brain surgeries on monkeys showed bluntness in all of aspects of their emotion. Myers (c.f. Eriksson, 2001) noted the animals loss of noises, facial expressions and, general, all forms of communication. The animal, generally, suffers from hyperactivity, mutism and behaves like an automat. However, the idea that the prefrontal cortex is the seat of the mind lacks any real scientific support or research as it would be very difficult to determine how it is possible as the mind is a non-physical substance. Yet, future minds, with the assistance of perhaps new and more advanced technology may find a way to tackle this issue. In sum, we have first used consciousness as the definition of the mind and tried to address the relationship of consciousness to the brain. Scientific evidence has supported the notion of brain activity causing consciousness. However, these studies have had some methodological issues which need to be dealt with. Additionally, we have established that consciousness alone may not account for the mind as many of our processes also occur outside awareness. Instead, we have identified the prefrontal cortex as the seat of the mind. However, this is hard to prove and explain at present time. In conclusion, the sort of a problem the mind and brain is makes it difficult to construe and study scientifically as it is hard to conduct decent experiments on. For now, science needs to mature further in order to answer whether a relationship exists between the mind and the brain along with the direction of the relationship.

Cohesion in English Essay

The study of cohesion in English is concerned with a relatively neglected part of the linguistic system, which is the formal understanding of text construction and the ways in which parts of the text are interrelated so that meaning can be understood as one in relation to another. It is an interesting way to see the ways in which the sentences are constructed in order to avoid ambiguity and turbidity of the conveyance of meaning (Halliday and Hasan 1976; Taboada 2004). A principal component of the study of ‘cohesion’ is that which arise from semantic relations between sentences. Reference from one to the other, repetition of word meanings, the conjunctive force of ‘but’, ‘so’, ‘then’ and the like are considered. The work describes a method for analysing and coding sentences, which is applied to specimen texts (Halliday and Hasan 1976; Taboada 2004). According to the work of Hasan and Halliday (1976) about the heuristic and semantic study of language, in terms of how the texts cohere, there are five devices of cohesion that govern the unity of a passage, sentence or an idea. The five categories of the devices of cohesion in English are namely: reference, which can be anaphoric, cataphoric and exophoric; substitution, ellipses, conjunction and lexical cohesion. These types or rules are inherent in most of the ways compositions are constructed in order that they will achieve a certain degree of unity and fluidity. In many ways, the models of cohesion, the devices and rules, allow for a mathematically tautological description of text with regards to its natural relation to some of its other parts contained within the same (Halliday and Hasan 1976). In the text provided below for analysis, the five types of cohesion occur several times if not in a lot of occasions. However, prior to dissecting the passage into any of these tools of cohesion, it is important to understand what the text is entirely about in order that the main idea is revealed to serve as guide to the discovery of the aforementioned categories of cohesion. It would appear that the passage is an autobiographical account of someone’s experiences and observations of previous visits and stay in Birmingham. On this particular occasion the author confides his own impression of the kind of hustle and bustle the city is known for and how he relates it to the image of teenager’s bedroom. Along with descriptions of disarray yet harmonic organization of the city, he recalls one of the times he has been in the city. At that point, he starts to talk about the meeting with a friend. He moves then from a general view of Birmingham into a more specific locale of the city: the neighborhood of his friend Mike Walter. Through this, the author was able to explain more of what Birmingham is like by going in-depth. Furthermore, the author tells us about the kind of culture they have in Birmingham, for instance, how the locals are ‘affectionately’ called—the ‘Brummies’, and likewise, their love for autos and highways. It is obvious the author tries to keep within his central idea or thesis in the entire narrative. He did not stray far afield his main topic, albeit some of his digressions were a bit lengthy and varied. Instead, each side-note and anecdotes only improves and completes the image of what we have about Birmingham city thus far. To go into technicalities, we now look at the model of cohesion in English. There are five devices in the model. The first device of cohesion is called reference, which has three subcategories, namely the 1) anaphoric, 2) cataphoric, 3) exophoric references. The first can be characterized as the device of reference which occurs when the writer points back to an already named or identified object with another word to avoid repetition. Instead of saying the particular term over and over, another word is used in the next phrases to mean the very same thing or object. For example, the author’s view of Birmingham is referenced by the word ‘that’ – ramshackle of factories, warehouses, container yards, transport depots, workshops, chunneys, tower blocks, offices – which are ‘all’ thrown together as if by accident. The word ‘that’ referred to the view of Birmingham, likewise, the word ‘all’ referred to the images concomitant to such a view. The second is quite like the reverse of the first where the object that is being referred to comes after the use of the word that refers it. The use of cataphoric reference is seldom used. It is usually employed to achieve a dramatic effect as if the purposeful delay in disclosing the information would heighten the feeling of suspense and intrigue (Hoey 1991). The object is introduced by a word that is general and later is clarified by naming the object itself. At the first paragraph, the sentence employs the same cataphoric effect in withholding whatever that ‘it’ means. Later on, its reference is revealed at the end of the paragraph whereby the ‘it’ becomes the â€Å"train† (the turn of phrase is therefore imbued with an enhanced degree of dramatic delay). The third type of reference cohesion is the exophoric—literally meaning ‘coming from the outside’. In other words, the reference is neither contained in the passage nor will the reader ever find out for certain what, who, when and where the reference word is referring to. Although the third bears some similarities with the cataphoric reference cohesion, it is largely set apart and differentiated to such by the very fact that in this device of cohesion, the reference is usually general and broad in character. Unlike cataphoric reference, exophoric takes the intrigue, so to speak, to another level by using abstract and vague terms that practically would mean anything or everyone, as the case may be. The reader will never be able to identify the object being referred to in so far as an exact name or category is not given (Hoey 1991). The phrase â€Å"there were very few of us there† in the subsequent paragraphs is a good example of exophoric reference. While the reader may infer that the word ‘us’ refers to the people whom the author met in an assembly called the Birmingham Rep—where ‘they’ exchanged casual chit-chat and intellectual ruminations to pass the time, it is never sure what sort of bunch the word ‘us’ is actually composed of. With only the exception of author himself and his friend Mike Walters, ‘us’ could virtually mean any group of two or more persons with varying and distinct personalities and localities, and perhaps hailing from across different parts of the country. All of which the author fails to mention in exact details. Another device of cohesion is called an ellipsis. It is a device that could either enhance the reader’s understanding of the text or it could perhaps confuse it. Ellipsis occurs when after a more specific mention some words are stricken off when the phrase needs to be repeated. Accordingly, long lists of the same class to describe an object may be stopped short or left to hang in the middle of the sentence thereby suspending the train of the thought of the reader and allowing him to imagine for himself the next logical addition (Hoey 1991). Following the ellipsis is the device cohesion that is a bit similar to the ellipsis but instead of leaving out the word completely, a substitute word is used. Take for instance the phrase â€Å"cities are cities, and in this one there is a lot to see†. The word ‘one’ effectively substitutes the word city and that city would refer to Birmingham. Notice that ‘one’ is general yet it still is able to represent Birmingham by means of the preceding information about cities being cities. Substitute cohesion is a double reflection of a general reference of a specific object. Put differently, substitution is two degrees away from the original object as it only substitutes, perhaps, the anaphoric reference cohesion, for example, in a text. The fourth device of cohesion is conjunction, or words that connect or divide phrase by relating them to one another through a temporal, causal, coordinating, adversative, additive or discourse markers. These are the points of the texts which prompts the reader that the following passages are merely continuation of or branches to the previous statements (Hoey 1991). Even with the usage of punctuation marks and sentence gaps, the reader is guided through the next sentences or paragraphs because of the conjunction markers. Furthermore, conjunctions are used to make sure that the sentences cohere and are not left a stranger of sorts to the other. Conjunctions connect them all in one unified piece (Hoey 1991). Conjunction occurs often times in any text. In the particular text that is to be analyzed here, the words ‘before’, ‘always’, ‘and’, ‘also’, ‘first’, ‘just as’ and so on are used generously in the entire narrative. This is so because the entire text does not disassemble itself with loosely or unconnected thoughts and ideas. Otherwise, some of the digressions would be seen as impertinent and meaningless. And lastly is the lexical device of cohesion. This is the repetition of words throughout a text, or even in a single sentence, that are ejusdem generis or under the same class or category. It can form relational patterns through the entire passage which would help the reader clearly perceive a singular theme that the author wishes to present. In most cases, this construction of the text is akin to the ideas of rhetorical parallelism, wherein repeated or similar words are said in a way that will sound naturally cohesive and unified (Hoey 1991). This device is used well in the assigned text wherein the ‘view of Birmingham city’ is referred to repeatedly as an image, example and representation. It becomes clear that the whole passage revolves around Birmingham city, and it does not lack in describing in full detail how it looks and what it is like to the author. Lexemes, in the manner it was used, made the passage appear as a solid and complete whole without insufficiencies or other facts that beg further clarification. All in all, the five devices of cohesion in the English language are excellent tools for both the writer and the reader to come up with a crystal clear understanding and appreciation of any composition with the proper use of logical connectives and semantic devices as those discussed. These rules of cohesions also help in correcting certain logical errors and clarifying ambiguities, on top of making sure that the text is readable and understandable. What is to be avoided are entire sentences and paragraphs that do not appear to belong together simply because they do not cohere. In other words, cohesion in English will prevent nonsensical and shoddy writing above and beyond anything else. However, there is the question of whether or not these devices of cohesion may be able to account for the different idioms and the modern slang of English. While it is true that the puritans have a point in preserving the formal qualities of the language, it is inevitable that certain phrases and sentence construction will evolve into strange forms of communication, conveyance and presentation which could well probably be just as comprehensible and clear as its regular counterpart in formal composition. The slang and idiom are major limitations to the model of cohesion in English precisely because they do not follow a strict logical pattern. Moreover, their usages vary from across different subcultures and multi-contexts. It would be interesting indeed to find out how these devices and categories will still be able to keep up with the ever-changing rules on grammar and semantics. Perhaps other additions to the categories would be necessary in the future to make for a better way to read and write in English. Just as other languages like Russian, German, French, Spanish (Taboada 2004) or even Chinese do not possess all of the inherent idiosyncrasies of the five categories of cohesion and may even employ other styles not mentioned by the work of Halliday and Hasan (1976), English slang may have its own nuances and jargon that must also be respected and welcomed in formal, modern rhetoric. It now remains a novel and intriguing question how this is to be achieved.

Alphabet Fun At New York City - 1070 Words

Alphabet Fun in New York City â€Å"Hi!† Livi greeted with a smile and a wave of her hand. â€Å"I’m Livi and this is my sister Jojo.† She said, gesturing to her sister, who stood smiling beside her on the crowded sidewalk.†We’ll be your tour guides today.† Jojo said, while Livy added, â€Å"We love to travel and find things in each city that represent letters in the alphabet.† The two walked down the street, sky scrapers reaching up to the clouds on each side of them. â€Å"Today we are in New York City and you guessed it, we are starting with the letter A! Livi said excitedly. â€Å"A is for Apple – New York City is known as the Big Apple.† Jojo said, as they stopped on the corner of the street. â€Å"It’s believed that the origin of the Big Apple comes†¦show more content†¦Shortly after, they made their way back to Central Park. â€Å"C is for Central Park.† Jojo said, taking a picture of the entrance. â€Å"Central Park is an urban park in middle-upper Manhattan, within New York City. Central Park is the most visited urban park in the United States, with 40 million visitors in 2013!† Livi said, watching the birds flutter from tree to tree. â€Å"It is also one of the most filmed locations in the world.† Jojo smiled, watching as a film crew went by. D is for E is for the Empire State Building The Empire State Building is a 102-story skyscraper located in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, on Fifth Avenue between West 33rd and 34th Streets. F is for Fifth Avenue G is for Grand Central Station Grand Central Terminal is a commuter, rapid transit railroad terminal at 42nd Street and Park Avenue in Midtown Manhattan in New York City, United States. H is for I is for Island, as in Ellis Island Ellis Island, in Upper New York Bay, was the gateway for over 12 million immigrants to the United States as the nation s busiest immigrant inspection station from 1892 until 1954. J is for ` K is for L is for Liberty Island Liberty Island is a federally owned island in Upper New York Bay in the United States, best known as the location of the Statue of Liberty. M is

Cuban National Culture Cubas Original People - 1719 Words

The article first talks about the development and character of Cuban national culture: Cuba’s original people. It discusses the historical events that occurred in Cuba and how those historic events have shaped Cuba’s culture. It talks about the original tribes that were on Cuba’s land for decades, which were Taino and Siboney Amerindian tribes. They were originally one of the first groups to help shape the Cuban culture. After a while, Spanish invaders came to Cuba and took over the land and put its own set of rules and traditions. This is how Cuba got its mixture of cultures, between the Spanish culture, Armenian culture and African culture coming together in Cuba. Also, this section of the article talks about words that developed in Cuba from all the mixtures of countries and cultures. Kronenberg states in the article â€Å"Culture, nation and social cohesion: a scrutiny of revolutionary Cuba† (2008), that some of these words are â€Å"words like †˜hammock’, ‘manatee’, ‘yucca’, ‘hurricane’, and ‘tobacco’, which can be regarded as the ‘last surviving parting gift’ or ‘retributive curse’ the original inhabitants of the Caribbean offered to their Spanish captors†(pg. 51). This is a small interesting fact to learn about the early Cuban culture and to see where Cuba got some of its influences from and what they originally kept from those influential countries. The article â€Å"Culture, nation and social cohesion: a scrutiny of revolutionary Cuba† (2008), Kronenberg then discusses the entryShow MoreRelatedCulture, Nation And Social Cohesions : A Scrutiny Of Revolutionary Cuba1655 Words   |  7 PagesThe article, â€Å"Culture, Nation and Social Cohesions: A Scrutiny of Revolutionary Cuba† by Kronenberg (2008), first talks about the development and character of Cuban national culture: Cuba’s original people. The author discusses the historical events that occurred in Cuba and how those historic events has shaped Cuba’s culture. He talks about the original tribes that were on Cuba’s land for decades, which were Taino and Siboney Amerindian tribes. They were originally one of the first groups to helpRead MoreThe Historical And Intellectual Trends1746 Words   |  7 PagesModern Cuban culture cannot simply be defined in a singular fashion. The convergence of peoples from multiple ethnic and cultural backgrounds, ranging from the Iberia and Italy to Africa and China has significantly influenced the evolution of the unique culture of the Cuban population. However, of these, it is the Spanish and African influences that have very distinctly remained, shaping societal norms, and setting culturally artistic precedents. For Afro-Cubans however, the struggle to greater recognitionRead MoreA Summary of Cuba1975 Words   |  8 PagesHavana is one of the most architecturally diverse cities. In the beginning of the 20th century, Havana was an international influential powerhouse, enriched with art nouveau, art deco and eclectic design. This boom period was the turn in Cuba’s economical continuous changes throughout the times of change. Ever since Christopher Columbus’ arrival, Havana was the key location for shipments from the Old World and the New World. These resources supported the colonialists and with the strategic locationRead MoreEssay on Lift the Trade Ban on Cuba2012 Words   |  9 Pagespossible amendment. However, these economic sanctions have seen its efficacy come to an abrupt end. The ban on Cuban trade should be lifted in order to reduce poverty on the island, boost the economies of both the United States and Cuba, give America access to superior healthcare and allow America to acquire some cheap labour. In this essay, I will inform you of four things; (1) Cuba’s poverty caused by the sanctions, (2) how lifting the embargo would benefit Cuba, (3) how lifting the embargo wouldRead MoreEssay on Why Some Economies Grow Faster Than Others2764 Words   |  12 Pages population, and possess similar natural resources. They each have port cities with easy access to the world. Their governments were founded on socialist principles. Despite the similarities, the economic performance of Israel has far outpaced Cuba’s. This paper will examine the reasons behind the disparate economic performance of countries, and then specifically examine the economies of Israel and Cuba. Why Some Economies Grow Faster Than Others There are many reasons why someRead More The United States and Cuba: An Embargo for the Ages Essay4604 Words   |  19 PagesThe United States and Cuba: An Embargo for the Ages Cuba’s colorful history can be documented to before the days of the American Revolution in 1776, but today, American policy directly affects many Cubans’ lifestyles because of a nearly 45-year-old trade embargo that has been placed on the island nation. It is crucial to analyze the development of Cuba and its neighboring island nations in order to discern the reasons for Cuba’s current political situation with the United States. The followingRead MoreThe Food Revolution Of Cuba1525 Words   |  7 Pagesthe supply of food, medicine, and fuel, and so had to find a way to feed the people. Action to grow in vacant lots began and resulted in what is now called organoponicos. In Micky Ellinger’s â€Å"Urban Agriculture in Cuba,† he cites that there are over 7,000 organoponicos and growing. In the city of Havana there are close to 2.1 million people, it houses more that 200 gardens and thousands of backyards and rooftops where people are practicing the sustainable food growing practice of urban agricultureRead MoreGeorge Orwells Animal Farm Essay examples2468 Words   |  10 PagesThe â€Å"more equal than others† connotates that equality can be added like a unit, and equality can essentially become unequal. The revolt’s later ideals do not align with the original idea of equality. Also in this defamatory tale, situational irony is used in an attempt to poke fun at our supreme totalitarianism. The original revolt revolved around the replacement of the â€Å"corrupt† humans with animals, but in the end, the reverse happenes. The farm animals discover that the pigs are walking on twoRead MoreBiography of a Runaway Slave3421 Words   |  14 Pagesdetailed account of a Maroon [escaped] slave in Cuban and Spanish American literature and a valuable document to historians and students of slavery (Luis, p. 200). This essay will explore how testimonial literature can help us better to understand past events. It will also examine problems inherent in interpreting personal testimony based on memories of events that occurred several decades in the past. Esteban Mesa Montejo discussed his past with the Cuban ethnologist Miguel Barnet in taped interviewsRead MoreNegotiations of the Cuban Missile Crisis6179 Words   |  25 PagesSoviet Union had limited range missiles that were only capable of being launched against Europe, but the United States possessed missiles that were capable of striking anywhere within the entire Soviet Union. As it is often said, when it comes to national security, leaders sometimes make irrational decisions. In an effort to restore the balance of power Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev devised the idea of placing intermediate-range missiles in Cuba (14 days in October). This deployment of weapons

Athlete compensation - 1936 Words

Athlete Compensation The idea of paying college athletes has been an ongoing debate since the early 1900s. With current television revenue resulting from NCAA football bowl games and March Madness in basketball, there is now a commotion for compensating both football and basketball players beyond that of an athletic scholarship. Because of the title â€Å"Student-athlete†, college athletes have the obligation to be a student first, and an athlete second and should not be paid to play. There have been ongoing arguments for the past decade of whether or not college athletes should be paid to play. Many argue that they do not have the time to get real jobs because the requirements for the sports that they participate in are far too†¦show more content†¦But frankly, the details of this agreement are well known by all involved, and rather strangely, no one seems to mind when signing them. Throughout the history of the NCAA, college athletes have always, in some way, received compensation beyond that of a full college scholarship (e.g., room and board, tuition, books). While such compensation is illegal, athletes like Reggie Bush and others receive under-the-table benefits as evidenced in the Slack survey (Sack). The public knows that this is happening, the other non-athlete students of the college know that it is happening, but if your team is doing goo people tend to just turn a blind eye. Aside of compensation, these athletes receive special attention and privileges from the school staff. Privileges that non-athlete students would not get, such as later due dates on assignments, extra help on work, or just exempting them from a project or assignment all together. Then adding on a dollar amount compensation to that would just add to the frustration that non-student-athletes feel. Additionally, many athletes in â€Å"big time† programs do not receive a degree for their efforts in the athletic arena. Universities routinely admit students who are strong Quintero 6 athletically but weak academically. As studies show, many athletes that aspire to be academically successful soon loseShow MoreRelatedShould Student Athletes Receive Compensation for Upholding a Higher Standard?922 Words   |  4 PagesStudent athletes entertain fans at their local resident arena, which generated five million and six hundred thousand dollars in ticket sell in 2012 (National College Athletic Association). This is not fair to student athletes that are solely responsibility for contributing to these financial statistics. Student athletes are leaders in the classrooms and on the field. Student athletes uphold the standards requirement by the NCAA to maintain their eligible to play sports. As leader on the fieldRead MoreCollege Athlete Compensation : College Athletes2260 Words   |  10 PagesCOLLEGE ATHLETE COMPENSATION When the topic of college comes up, many things come to mind. Those are the glory days for most of us. The college parties, the struggle to find a balance between having fun and maintaining a good GPA, and not to mention the amazing athletic departments that colleges offer. Everyone enjoys sports but does anyone ever stop to wonder how much goes into preparing for those games? There’s very much work that goes in the preparation of a student athlete other than just showingRead MoreCollege Athlete Compensation : College Athletes2251 Words   |  10 PagesCollege Athlete Compensation When the topic of college comes up, many things come to mind. Those are the glory days for most of us. The college parties, the struggle to find a balance between having fun and maintaining a good GPA, and not to mention the amazing athletic departments that colleges offer. Everyone enjoys sports but does anyone ever stop to wonder how much goes into the preparation for those games? There’s much more effort that’s put into it other than just showing up for practice.Read MoreCollege Athletes Financial Compensation4427 Words   |  18 PagesNational Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) panel, to include its president Mr. Mark Emmert to modify the current NCAA amateurism by law 12.02.1 making it feasible for college athletes to receive financial compensation. The primary issue with the current regulation is that because of the rule many student athletes are living in poverty like conditions. The current by law is also affecting various aspects of domestic and Internati onal students ability to continue to meet eligibility requirementsRead MoreThe Ban On Student Athlete Compensation1426 Words   |  6 PagesRight now the ban on student-athlete compensation is insufficient and is not doing the student-athlete any good. Student-athletes should be paid for their efforts no matter what the rule has always been. These athletes hard work is being taken advantage of by the people around them. A change to a competitive labor market with less restrictions on student-athlete compensation might be a necessity (Sanderson and Siegfried). In 2013 a man by the name of Jay Bilas, an ESPN basketball analyst, loggedRead MoreFair Compensation For Student Athletes1554 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Paper: Fair Compensation for Student-Athletes It’s early fall 2014 and this year’s NCAA collegiate sports season has taken off like a full court press. Dedicated fans of collegiate football and basketball will crowd into stadiums or huddle around their TV to proclaim their allegiance to a school of their choice. Regardless of their declarations, many fans and spectators will be pleased by the seasons end when only a handful of schools are declared the winners and able to clutch one of theRead MoreCollege Athletes Receiving Compensation For Their Efforts1644 Words   |  7 Pages Emily Zatopek once said, â€Å"An athlete cannot run with money in his pockets. He must run with hope in his heart and dreams in his head.† This is relevant to the controversy that surrounds college athletes receiving compensation for their efforts in sports. College athletics have gained much attention and popularity over the past few decades. Due to these actions by sports fans across the United States, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) is bringing in huge amounts of money yearRead MoreCollege Athletes Deserve Compensation Essay861 Words   |  4 Pagesprefer college. The only difference between professional and college athletics is the lack of payment to student athletes. The National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) receives millions of dollars in revenue from college mens basketball and football, and college coaches of top schools are paid the same amount as professional coaches. Fans of both college and professional athletes can proudly show their commitment by purchasing jerseys or other merchandise. College basketball and footballRead MoreCollege Athletes Need Support Not Compensation1284 Words   |  6 Pages College Athletes Need Support Not Compensation Before entering college, high school athletes work very hard honing their skills, hoping for college recruiters come to their games to scout them. Parents are hoping that their athlete child gets a full scholarship to college which will unburden their parents and give their child an open door of opportunities to become successful. Once in college, the student works even harder training sometimes multiple times a day and even playing on a nationalRead MoreShould Colledge Athletes Receive Compensation for Playing? Essay756 Words   |  4 PagesAthletic Association, there are over 400,000 student athletes attending a university this year. Its a debate that has been going on for the last twenty years, Should student-athletes receive compensation for playing? This argument has gone on for a while, but recently received media attention, when the O’Bannon v. NCAA started taking place. Athletes believed that they were being exploited on video games, and believed that they deserved compensation for that. Now there are multiple sides to this debate

Selecting, Developing, Managing and Retaining Knowledge Workers Free Essays

Do HR departments have the right strategies to select, develop, manage and retain knowledge workers? As Peter Drucker recently quoted, the new knowledge economy will rely heavily on knowledge workers who are not, as a rule, much better paid than traditional skilled workers but also see themselves as professionals. Knowledge technologists are likely to become the dominant social and perhaps, political force over the next decades. Thus, it is very important to have the right strategies in place to select, develop, manage and retain knowledge workers. We will write a custom essay sample on Selecting, Developing, Managing and Retaining Knowledge Workers or any similar topic only for you Order Now But before we proceed to analyze if HR departments do have these strategies, we need to understand what the term ‘knowledge workers’ means. A knowledge worker is one who works primarily with information or one who develops and uses knowledge in the workplace. In a knowledge-driven economy, a knowledge worker is oriented more towards research, analysis and manipulation of the symbols, as in information, rather than the mechanical tools. These individuals have domain knowledge expertise and may include broadly: architects, finance experts, graphic designers, fashion designers, pharmaceutical scientists, researchers, teachers, and policy analysts, to name but a few. In order to focus on strategically critical knowledge workers, it is necessary to move beyond merely creating a supportive culture or a best place to work. Top innovators understand their worth. These workers are independent and entrepreneurial, for instance like the originators of eBay, Google and Facebook. To keep such people, it is necessary to make them feel like they are building their own businesses within the larger organization. This can be achieved partly by recognizing their status as thought leaders but it is also important to give them a stake in the new lines of business they develop. The bottom line is that organizations need to view key talent as partners, rather than as employees or â€Å"resources†. The balance of power has shifted such that highly skilled innovators need to be seen as partners or they are gone. In the past, human resources, training, and labor relations managers and specialists performed the administrative function of an organization, such as handling employee benefits questions or recruiting, interviewing, and hiring new staff in accordance with policies established by top management. Their task was to attract, motivate, and retain the most qualified employees and match them to jobs for which they are best suited. Today the role of human resources workers is more than just managing these tasks, but, increasingly, that of strategic planning in consultation with top executives. They have moved from behind-the-scenes staff work to leading the company in suggesting and changing policies. Many organizations claim to have a commitment to developing their employees and phrases such as â€Å"our people are our most valuable assets† are often spotted on motivational posters in companies. In my opinion, however, very few companies embrace a structured approach to training and retention programmes. HR departments may claim to have several strategies to select, develop, manage and retain employees, but what is important is that the psychological contract, which is vital to building and sustaining a win-win relationship, needs to be reinforced. Research shows that several well-intended training and development initiatives fail to deliver the desired results. In fact, during economic slowdowns the budget which is often the first to be cut back on is the training budget. Adopting a structured approach to employee training and retention requires a change in mindset at the very top-level of the organization. The entire issue of staff retention needs to be treated in a strategic way and this is where most organizations lack. The first step in the development of an employee retention strategy is identifying the pinch points for the organization, the areas where the company regularly suffers from a high staff turnover and the particular concerns and problems of the targeted staff groups. It is also important to have a clear understanding of the expectations and aspirations of your employees; only then can you develop the strategies needed to meet some of these aspirations and begin to develop a workplace that is a great place to work and employees who see the company as a good company to work for. A good retention strategy should address issues such as:   support in the workplace, progression, opportunities for development, remuneration, working time, and flexible working. The focus should be on retaining existing talent and keeping the available organizational knowledge intact rather than searching for new talents. The key to success will be the integration of training and development within the retention strategy. Training and development provides the means of supporting staff to operate effectively and enabling staff to access the opportunities provided by the retention strategy. Levels of remuneration and flexible working will signal the right environment but it is through using training and development as a mechanism to demonstrate investment in employees on an on-going basis that will turn an organizational commitment into a reality. The techniques and processes that help new hires learn quickly are also the techniques and processes that help retain organizational knowledge. Knowledge sharing techniques such as communities of practice, mentoring, lunch and learn sessions, business process maps, expertise directories of staff are just as useful for retaining organizational knowledge as they are for fast learning by new employees. A good knowledge sharing technique should address questions such as ‘What does it offer me? ’ ‘What does it offer us? ’ ‘What does it offer to the organization? Once these techniques fill the personal and group learning needs of staff, they will also evolve to sharing strategic information. Techniques such as communities of practice can be HR’s role in strategic information management for the organization. The success of an organization in its strategy will be judged ultimately by its success in engaging individuals in development activities, not in simply having them available. The key to success will be how relevant and appropriate the development activity is and how accessible it is to employees. It requires talent to retain talent. The successful employer of the future will be a keen competitor in the skills market. They will compete for the best recruits but not in terms of purely financial rewards but by offering them the best working experience, one that offers security as well as progression and personal growth. They will focus on retaining the available organizational knowledge and harnessing it to the maximum rather than on hunting for new talents. How to cite Selecting, Developing, Managing and Retaining Knowledge Workers, Papers

Environmental Sustainability Human Health -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Environmental Sustainability Human Health? Answer: Introduction Nike, Inc. is an American footwear manufacturing company that does business worldwide. 47% of the global sports shoes market is covered by the company and it is at the top of its business. The company generated 6% more revenue in 2016 than 2015 as total amount of 32.4 billion dollars were earned from worldwide revenue. In 1964 Phil Knight and Bill Bowerman founded the Blue Ribbon Sports that transformed into Nike in 1972 (Gibson, 2012). The company effectively promotes a strategic management and marketing campaign that primarily focuses on innovating and inspiring athletes shoes (About.nike.com, 2017). The organization operates in 700 stores in 45 countries outside USA. Their marketing strategies focus on maximizing the number of buyers so they offer various ranges of products for diverse number of people of different ages and background. Though the company promotes that everyone is an athlete and their products are suitable for everyone but the price ranges mostly highlights that th e company aims for the high income groups. Reebok and Adidas are two main competitors in the footwear market that demonstrates high competition for the company (Team, 2017). Strategic Foundations Nike, Inc. is leading the global corporate market in the footwear manufacturing area through their programs that are values their service providers, stakeholders, employees and customers. Nike claims to be the biggest seller of sports footwear in the world (Kell, 2016). The company acts as competitive enough in all the necessary areas footwear competition like reliability, price, product, quality, marketing, promotion, customer- employee support and performance. The mission statement of Nike says "To bring inspiration and innovation to every athlete in the world."The mission statement echoes what the founder Bill Bowerman said If you have a body, you are an athlete. The strategic goal of the company is well reflected by their mission statement as it aims to reach out to maximum number of global consumers with their sports apparel, shoes and equipments (Brohi et al., 2016). The analysis of the mission statement highlights that the main three components of the mission statement are inn ovation, inspiration and satisfying every athletes in the world. The management leadership sets a winner mindset for all the team members through their inspirational goal that reflects the slogan Just Do It (Anegon, 2014). Company strategic management involves continuous improvement of their service through applying innovative technologies and bringing new products at regular intervals. Vision Statement The company is also careful about its corporate social responsibilities as the CRS vision highlights that Nike is working in order to develop a sustainable economy that keeps the balance among the profit, people and planet (Newell, 2015). The company highlights that in the process of achieving desired sustainable profit the consumers takes a major role. The vision statement can be broken down in three parts where the initial part focuses on the consumer importance and satisfaction, then the stress is on the sustainable economy and third part is keeping the balance in the business (Teckchandani Schultz, 2014). The company ensures that it is not just the company that benefits from the business but everyone gets the benefits as well. Strategic Managers Nike, Incs Board of Directors includes multiple internal and independent directors like Philip Knight as chairman, Mark Parker as CEO and other independent directors like Timothy Cook and John Donahoe (Investors.nike.com, 2016). There are both independent directors and management directors present in the board of directors of Nike, Inc. the combination of both kinds of director helps the company to gain internal and external experiences (Burgelman, 2015). The outside helps the company to implement experiment and encourages the management to think outside the box. In the formulation and implementation of the designed and proposed strategies the board of directors plays the most significant role. Products Nike, Inc. produces various sports foot wears, sports related lifestyle apparel and other sports equipments. The initial product was just the running shoes but now the company makes shoes, shorts, and jerseys for various sports like Cricket, Football, Basket Ball, base ball and Hockey. Few most popular products by the company are Nike 6.0, Nike Air Max, Air Jordon and many others (Store.nike.com, 2017). The brand related itself with premium performance. Nike, Inc owns various other important companies like Converse, Hurley X, Jordon, Cole Haan and Bauer Hockey they together cover a significant part of the company annual revenue. Future plan By 2020 the company aims to generate 50 billion of revenue. In last 5 years Nike, Inc has increased its sales revenue by 18 billion as it reached to 30 billion in 2015, therefore almost 4 billion sales increase in each year (Forbes.com, 2017). The company had set their goal of 36 billion revenue for the year 2017 which is about to get fulfilled as predicted by the market analysts. The management has employed Adam Sussman as their first CDO or Chief Digital Officer who the company expects that will help to increase the revenue in e-commerce by 6 billion by 2020 (GalbRaith, 2014). The company has designed various apps like Nike+ and other fuel band apps that will help them to maximize the customer satisfaction through measuring it properly. The womens apparel is another area where the company aims to grow to 11 billion within coming 4 years. PESTLE analysis of Nike The macro environment which is external to any organizational structure is evaluated and scanned through the PESTLE framework (Gillam Siriwardena, 2013). Factors like political, social, economic, technological, environmental and legal form the PESTLE framework. Political Factors For any large organization the political factors play signification role in their survival and performance. The home country of the company that is USA government has always engaged in growth oriented policies that helped the company to get benefitted from the nations market. The American Government incorporates tax arrangements that are suitable for international competitive market, stability in currency exchange and the effective low interest rates (Whitehead, 2012). The government support is ever improving and supporting the organizational infrastructure. The free trade policies are expanding as well that helps the company to utilize the opportunity well (Houlihan, 2013). Most major markets where the company operates are politically stable that helps the company to business smoothly. However as Nike manufactures and sells physical materials, the changes in manufacturing or related tax laws are capable of affecting the business. The rising political conflicts in certain countries a ffect the process of importing and exporting difficult. Economic Factors The business performance of Nike, Inc. largely depends on the economic stability of the business location. There are three aspects of the economic domain that influence the companys performance. The developed market like the economy of USA provides the company with economic stability that develops a sustainable economic opportunity for the company (Summers, 2014). The developing countries like India is growing rapidly that creates opportunity for the company financial benefits as well (Maddison, 2013). However the Chinese economys fluctuation proves the company to become a threat for the company (Lu, Liu Rahman, 2017). The company utilizes the ever growing consumer demand through establishing brand equity. The local labors are given financial opportunities in underdeveloped nations by providing job opportunities and maintaining corporate social responsibilities (Whitehead, 2012). Social factors The world wide social awareness regarding health consciousness ensures the demand for the sports foot wears are ever increasing (Tilman Clark, 2014). The public wealth is expanding in the developing countries which are creating great opportunities for the company. In the Asia Pacific regions the company has exported most of its manufacturing. The use of labors with minimum wages including children affected the company reputation and CSR (Plambeck Taylor, 2015). To resolve and minimize such issues the company has engaged itself in greater transparency in keeping the manufacturing and human resource records and provides certain facilities to the manufacturers of certain locations. Also the company had published Memorandum of Understanding that clarifies its objectives and conducts to its subcontractors and suppliers (Child, Rodrigues Tse, 2012). In the modern globalized era of internet any wrong doing or ethical misconduct is likely to reach global public rapidly. Technological factors Nike, Inc. is incorporating innovative technologies in their marketing activities in order to ensure the sustainability of the good performance. The website like Nike iD assist the consumers with the opportunity to compare the foot wears at various prices and help them to choose the most suitable one (Yu Park, 2014). The website has proved to be the top personalization website in the sports wear industry (Nike.com, 2017). As the world has transformed itself into a more digital based system so the online payment system via mobile phones, help the company to achieve more customers (Purkayastha Rao, 2015). The digitalization enhances the work speed but also capable of reducing the employment and deteriorating the organizational work force. Legal aspects In countries like USA or UK the legislative framework is common for the whole nation so the organization has to face less intervention from the government in their organizational activities. However in countries like France or Germany the states operate in code based legal systems so the organization there has to consider interests of wider stakeholders (Legendre Coderre, 2012). The health-safety regulations and the consumer laws are expanding in the developing countries that are creating better opportunity for the company to perform better in the developing countries. The legal challenges from the past help the company to analyze certain situation and take precaution from any legal damages (Jennings, 2015). Environmental factors Most European countries and USA and in countries like Japan the environmental consciousness is really high. Nike, Inc. appointed multiple sustainability champions who are responsible to monitor the elimination of wastes and carbon emission in their projects in the home country and in the overseas (Kaplan Montiel, 2016). Most countries where the company is operating are improving and expanding their environmental laws that create huge opportunities for Nike. The climate changes also affect the lifestyle of the people that is potential to increase the demand of the companys products. SWOT Analysis of Nike, Inc. Nike has always proved to be a highly competitive organization with their innovative management and marketing strategies. The just do it slogan is reflects their strong attitude towards the business for maximizing the profit (About.nike.com, 2017). The company does not own any manufacturing unit as it outsource all its manufacturing activities overseas that helps them to gain maximum human and material resources at the cheapest price. By saving the high labor cost the management focuses more on the research and development for innovating and improving new services. The brand of Nike is globally recognized which proves to be a great strength for the company. The consumers trust easily on the brand so do the stakeholders. The resilience and quality of the Nike products is well known to the athletes and to the common man. When its competitors suffer from the market fragmentation the Unique Selling Proposition of the company helps it to race ahead of its competitors. Weakness The company majorly depends on the footwear this might prove to be problematic for the companies as dependence on limited service makes the options for revenue generation are limited. The outsourcing of manufacturing is strength for the company, but Nike, Inc has often being criticized because of its labor management in foreign countries (Baldassarre Campo, 2014). The sweatshops or the sweat labors have criticized by the global media that affected the companies brand image. The company has not included retailers that are exclusive as their business strategy but the retailers play major role in the business so the exclusivity might get sacrificed. The products are often been criticized as too premium or expensive. Opportunities In the emerging markets of India and China Nike is seeing greatest opportunity to expand its business. The consumers in such developing countries are in billions of number who are adapting western lifestyle increasingly (Sun, DAlessandro Johnson, 2014). This provides the company great platform to expand their business. The company is also expanding their business in various other products going beyond just the foot wear and producing other diverse products. The company engages in continuous modification of the existing designs that also creates great opportunity for business expansion. The affordable price products are being offered by the company though in limited numbers which bringing newer consumers to the company. Threats The trade laws and practices in the international market greatly influence Nikes international business. The international trade laws and regulations are subject to change so the changes can prove to be threats for the company. The unethical business practices affected the companys reputation and brand and as the company performs on a global scale the similar issues can arise. The competitors like Reebok or Adidas are also capturing the global market rapidly that is becoming bigger threat for the company. Suppliers bargaining power The suppliers bargaining power in the case Of Nike is low. It operates in more than forty five countries in more than 700 stores but the individual suppliers are not strong enough compared to the company. That reduces the challenges from the supplier for the company. Nikes RSL or the restricted substance list and the codes and conducts have to b obliged by the suppliers. Buyers bargaining power Buyers bargaining power is moderate for the company. The consumers switching cost is low as there are other influential companies like Adidas and Reebok or Puma but there are other local brands as well. However the quality of the companys product is well known to global consumers. Threat of substitute Threat of substitute is high for Nike. There are large numbers of competitive brands in the market. There are competitors like Fila, Puma, and Converse, Under Armour, New Balance, ASICS, Li Ning and K-Swiss. Except the main competitors Nike is experiencing challenges from substitute sports footwear that are cheaper and gaining popularity. Threat of new entrants Threat of new entrants for the company is low to moderate. The company is quite influential in the global market however there are still requirements that are yet to be fulfilled. Te competitors might take advantage of it. However the supply chain management requires huge investment that is in favor of the company. For a new entry it is quite difficult to create such level of brand easily. Competition Rivalry Competition rivalry is strong for Nike in both home and international market. The other two top sports footwear companies that are present in the market are Adidas and Reebok (Team 2017). Adidas earned revenue of more than 19 billion where Reebok earned 3 billion (Adidas-group.com 2017). Though the strong rivals are in fewer numbers but they are expanding their business fast as well. Struggling Apparel Business The apparel industry in this case the apparel related to sports or footwear is struggling in global market. The consumers in most countries do not want to spend much money on purchasing apparels. The apparel stores of Nike are suffering the challenges as well. A recent report by Morgan Stanely demonstrated that the growth in the apparel stores will decrease by -5% (Botter, 2017). Losing demand for certain products The company has created its brand over the years mostly based on certain high quality products like Nike Air Jordon shoes. However the demand for the most popular products are getting decreased day by day as the style is considered to be out of style and the newer substitutes are failing to match their standard. Like the apparels for basket ball is alarmingly losing its popularity. Woman products market The woman products are facing more challenges as many companies only produce these products focusing more on the better quality and cheaper price. The companies like Lululemon or Under Armour are dominating the global market in most of the global market in this domain other niche brands like Bandier or Sweatbetty promotes more fun than the competition that Nike products promote (Schlossberg Lutz, 2017). Conclusion The money that the company spends in the signature footwear must be balanced with the money that is spend in the non footwear products as the company is clearly struggling in keeping the same standard in those products. Another good strategy could be manufacturing casual footwear along with the sports foot wear. Building professional relationship Nike should build a personal and professional relationship with the world known influential athletes that will bring more customer loyalty and new consumers as most consumers idolize their favorite athletes. Internet and social media The internet and social media platform could be used more effectively by the company to establish consumer relationship and retain customer sustainability. The company can implement certain innovative technologies where dedicated consumers can design their own foot wears online and the company should evaluate them and consider the most feasible one. Remuneration and rewards The employee satisfaction could be achieved through remuneration and rewards for the deserving employees. The company must monitor and evaluate their organizatio0nal management practice to eliminate any ethical misconduct within the organizational structure. The company is leading the global market in the footwear business if the company resolves the issues by implementing discussed strategies it will effectively maintain its competitive edge in the global market with the assurance of improved business performance. Reference Adidas-group.com. (2017).Adidas with record sales and earnings in 2016. [online] Available at: https://www.adidas-group.com/en/media/news-archive/press-releases/2017/adidas-record-sales-and-earnings-2016/ [Accessed 03 Oct. 2017]. Anegon, I. (2014). Preface: In 2013 gene therapy is a Nike; for 2014, just do it!.Current gene therapy,14(1), 1-1. Baldassarre, F., Campo, R. (2014). 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