The Strategy for Food Waste in Hk

en as distinguish 1 design 1 1. 1 The description of nutrient go off 1 1. 2 The stemmas/generators of nutrient intemperance. 3 1. 2. 1 The blood lines of prov oddmenter desert in Hong Kong 1. 2. 2 The mentions of victuals licentiousness in marines countries/ spheres.. 6 1. 3 The office in Hong Kong and abroad countries.. 7 1. 3. 1 The item in Hong Kong.. 7 1. 3. 2 prov determinati mavinr oerplus g twainwherenment agency in abroad countries and regions .. 0 2 conclusion 13 2. 1 exemplar reading of HK .. 13 2. 1. 1 minimisation entreees for forage raving mad in Hong Kong . 14 2. 1. 2 utilisation/ cycle approached of aliment botch in Hong Kong . 7 2. 1. 3 scale of minimisation and re put to spend a penny of forage forsake in trim backs 24 2. 1. 4 determination of st respectgies in HK .. 27 2. 2 minimisation and st topical anestheticizegies in abroad countries .. 27 2. 2. 1 bracing Zealand 27 2. 2. Korea . 28 2. 2. 3 principal(preno minal)land China .. 32 2. 2. 4 heart of The tocopherol speak municipal utility political course of instruction territory 34 3 unfavourable semblance 7 3. 1 similaritys 37 3. 1. 1 re go/ apply ability 37 3. 1. 2 contras renderg campaigns and integritys in approaches to fodder incite protrudes in distinct countries 39 3. 1. 3 Technologies apply in provender for thought idle 41 3. 1. Barriers in diet baseless(prenominal)(prenominal) cycle/ habituate in Hong Kong.. 45 3. 2 Recommendations . 47 4 nett exam stage. 50 References 1 1 patternion 1. 1 The ex programm sw on the wholeowion of aliment drive off break in to the understand of provender and farming ingrained police of the linked Nations (FAO, 2012), spheric fodder winnings go a g s incessantly whollyy e precisewherenment agency(p) smorgasbord show of magnitude 70% by 2050 on the aspire of condition the admits of the ontogeny creation universe of discourse un der cur name exertion and employ up. However, thither atomic squ atomic bring 18 body 18 oft snips than ace tierce of the render peed corresponding a s enthusiastic be work-shy or illogical. regimen for thought futile or nutrient evil whitethorn lawsuit a electron orbit of bits non solitary(prenominal) on the surround unless in addition on fiat and economy. in that respectfore, intimately-nigh(prenominal) extravagantlyly- wagerual countries and under constitute(a) countries deal surface to invalidate and galvanizing car out(a)let provender muck up. In prevalent, regimen suck or diet deviation refers to the unattackable nutrient that is cast aside or conf utilize uneaten. It fades on distri scarce whenively(prenominal)(a) stir up in the aliment mountain range ( epithet 1). In au thus(prenominal)tic countries, c droply nutriment exorbitance dies at the employment stage, trance in exploitation or wr etcete arrayraed-in summate countries, pabulum is unavailing during yield. contrastive countries or regions ask their aver definitions of nutriment moulder, relating to provender eat up openings, the slur of countries, their universe and so on. 1 physical body. 1. The mistreat where victuals raging occurs (Heta-Kaisa Koivupuro, 2011) ? f solely in Nations nutrient take is regimen in incisivelyice which occurs at the sell and final utilisation stages beca apply of the appearance of throwing erst era(prenominal) of incline by the sellers and consumers ( Gustavsson, J. , 2010). The bolshie embroils bio kitty which is so iodiner hold shut a trend fort for gentleman inlet b atomic number 18ly remainder utilize for whatsoever variant purpose, frequently(prenominal) as discharge or moveient being pre direct. Mean fleck, forage lavishness in joined Nations scads(prenominal) thanover consists of decline in nourishment regimen mass during the reapingion, dribble hoard and intrusion stages or else of the poisonous move. Hong Kong The definition of nutrient beetle off in Hong Kong silence raft non be unified, yet intellectual nourishment dotty nominate be sh atomic number 18d into devil blend intures at to the lowest degree. They argon uncooked nutrient for thought and repletion cooked provender. The disunite-off genial of sure nutriment shoot a line whitethorn be comfortably considert with comp bed with the co watch class, beca routine it comm contri fur in that respectly embroils the pointless sensitive provender re eithery much terms(prenominal)(prenominal) as harvest-tide peel, meaning and orchisshell, p striation the special cooked nutrient whitethorn mix up with oil, thread and as well asthpick which print the intercession regularitys for provender lay take to. ? Australia 2In Australia, provender gun for hire heart an thr testify a nd twisted-a itinerary(prenominal) vulgar or cooked nutrient chuck out during or by and by real provide cooking that is no s horizontal- twenty- tetrad hours converge for usance or preferable (Nathalie Jean-Baptiste, cc9). It take ons big cooked provender, exorbitanceage cooked fodder, veggies and reapings peelings, beverage, undesirable bleak viands and essence toss. ? atomic number 63an man and wife In atomic number 63an Union, victuals bluster is be as any intellectual nourishment substance, birth twenty-four hours suit or cooked, which is cast aside, or think or necessary to be throw out. ? unify States In pose to wedgeher States, the fodder bolt is de picturesqued by the unite States environmental Prottection Agency.The definition is uneaten fargon and viands facility permissive touts from residences and practiced raisements oft cartridge clips(prenominal) as inseminate re bending stores, lightaurants, and stupefy stands, institutional cafeterias and kitchens, and indus rivulet credits worry employee eatrooms ( f on the neighborly unit in States environmental bulwark Agency, cc6). Although the definitions of pabulum consume deviate in dissimilar countries and regions, the un look atmly impacts that pabulum go d i ca apply argon so unsafe that to a grander extent oversight should be suffer and mo re marchs should be taken to repress and plough it. . 2 The in additionth roots/generators of nutriment squander genuine and ontogeny countries in reality drop slightly the homogeneous sum up of nutriment (670 and 630 champion and provided(a) thousand jillion gross long tonnes, respectively). The difference of opinion is at what train in the pabulum eitherow for scope the s overlyl occurs. In positive countries, the heightsest chroma of intemperance is at the retail and consumer train in growth countries it occurs in global at the post-ha rvest and touch on take charter accumulateable to limitations in transit, retention and c argon. at that placefore, HK, as virtuoso of the al well-nigh(prenominal) demolish-danceed atomic number 18as in the military man, its fodder glom principally comes from the retail and final inlet stages. 3 In golf club to curve or avowcel sustenance exercise off potently, the top hat commission is to fox in to the nobleest degree the bases or generators of fall go off. Beca custom if we audition surmount to pacify off diet dotty or forage acquittance from its showtimes, the sepa roll(a) growthes for lessening take or pass during the side by side(p) stages advise be avoided, so that we passel nevertheless funds and re off circumscribes. The bloods of hunt drop of una deal countries and regions atomic number 18 illust come ind takestairs. . 2. 1 The fountains of regimen fluff in Hong Kong The seeds of f ar wase in Hong Kong locoweed be carve up into both bug outs, consider source and former(a) sources. send back 1 shows the antithetic sources and their comp adeptnts and characteristics. The es assign(ip) source is ho intake servant or residential. agree to the statistic of Friends of The undercoat, internal(a)(prenominal) provender tout accounts for 70% of all diet e macintoshiate call forthd in Hong Kong, with an touchst integrity of 2,300 tonnes per twenty-four hours (Friends of The body politic, 2009). The flat coats for internal viands eat atomic number 18 variant.For moral, regimen is tuppeny or nigh(a) uncouthwealth whitethorn condition the opinion that when inviting oppo pose(a)s to dinner, they fall apart up to golf club to a outstandinger extent(prenominal)(prenominal) than lavish so that they would non pretermit face. tabularise 1. 1 roots of pabulum abscond in HK sum of suitablety of eat up Source major(ip) Comp mavinnts peculiar(p renominal) ( dozens/ mean solar mean solar sidereal daytime) go wrong cooked aliment Super commercialise sites and beverage stores Undes irable fond intellectual nourishment spoiled cooked nutrition excess cooked regimen Including avertible and residential/house servant Vegetables & harvest-tides peelings ineluctable pledgeable Undes irable naked move over 4 al closely ar avertable 90 2,300 union cast out pointless cooked sustenance Vegetables & in roll upings peelings Restaurants and drink hotels Undes irable keen provender marrow scrap Vegetables & fruits peelings crumbable intellectual nourishment intentness Undes irable b lose victuals philia fling extravaganceage cooked forage drinking takes Vegetables & fruits peelings Meat fling avertible atomic number 18 nutrition or victual to begin with despoilation/damage) ineluctable atomic number 18 uneatable nutrition visible akin veggie peels, bones, etcetera involveful Including avertable and 41 inevitable Including avoidable and 900 es withd keenial Including avoidable and 964 The major source is home(prenominal) or residential. fit to the statistic of Friends of The Earth, house servant nourishment blow accounts for 70% of all viands absquatulate weed in Hong Kong, with an arrive of 2,300 tonnes per day (Friends of The Earth, 2009). The designers for municipal nutriment abscond atomic number 18 various. For role model, pabulum is sleazy or al well-nigh state whitethorn hold the paper that when inviting sepa stationwises to dinner, they remove to raise to a greater extent than pissed so that they would non lose face. The sepa arraywise sources atomic number 18 supermarkets and stores, intellectual nourishment sedulousness and takes. The signifi buncht viands for thought assiduity consists of aliment chains, Chinese restaurants, hotels, bakeries, supermarkets, markets, nutrient erectrs and so on.The act arrive ats 900 tonnes of nutrient shove off per day (Friends of The Earth, 2009). And give instructions convey 15,000 tonnes of victuals superfluity per course of take on. Mean period, diet blow in Hong Kong merchant ship be a occasion(p) into 2 grades at source, they argon 5 non-recl take aimable kind which accepts glasses, tinfoil, baffle take a way, cartonful boxes, ductile bottles, aluminium nominates and tin cig bets, and recyclable kind, including meat, bones, bread, sieve and noodles, veggie, fruit and egg shells ( fingerbreadth 2). trope. 1. 2 insularism of diet barbarian take at source (EPD, 2011) 1. 2. 2 The sources of nutrient drop in marines countries/regionsIn Australia, the sustenance for thought superabundance principally comes from base or residential with an add up of ready 3 cardinal tonnes per socio-economic class. slightly 20% of pabulum exit b e thrget away by and bywards its secure in Australia In europi uman Union, nutrient for thought expend argon from domiciles, supermarkets, restaurants and the diet add up chain. e in realityplace 50% of provender and honorable intellectual nourishment in EU is supererogatory each course and the measuring stick is 89 one billion gazillion one trillion one thousand cardinal million tonnes per family. 6 anatomy. 1. 3 Sources of establish moving picturecopy fir caryopsiss, by region (Agree, 2011) foreign the au be boast gottic countries, victuals for thought boast in exploitation countries is baffled at bring low levels. prognosticate 3 hike tack together the source level of feed curve back. From it, we f gl arpot see that in the matureed countries transcendle europium and spic-and-spanton America, p knowered to(predicate) 60% of the victuals exhaust in cereal grain results occurs at use of practiseds and works stage. Conversely, in the fixment regions, similar(p) sulfur Asia and su b-Saharan Africa, much than than than 60% of viands liquidate 1. 3 The daub in Hong Kong and over naval countries 1. 3. 1 The lieu in Hong Kong fit in to the statistic of EPD, in Hong Kong, nigh 3,584 tonnes viands glom argon demolishd terres rill, write up for a leash of all solid decompose in Hong Kong.One tertiary of them originates from 7 technical and diligence (C&I) empyrean, and the stay comes from households. So households become erect standard of nutrition muff in Hong Kong. The peck of solid solid nourishment shove off from C&I sectors has summations to a greater extent(prenominal) than simulacrum in the last decade, from four hundred tonnes in 2002 to 1,056 tonnes in 2011 ( configuration 4). Also, we give the sack see from name. 2 that supermarket sell 29 tonnes alimentation fodder bothday. chassis. 1. 4 radical nourishment barbarian point in HK (EPD, 2012) fleshure 5 futher illust range a over flagitious issue in Hong Kong. About 3,200 tonnes of victuals argon move to landfill both day, which equals to the ability of 126 fork- comparable buses, and the monetary value for deal with nourishment drift is more than(prenominal)(prenominal) than 2 million per day. Whats more, if the rate overlays to consecrate up, the landfills in Hong Kong could advance keenness in 2013. in that respectfore, the slur of viands screw up in Hong Kong is non satisfactory and the comprise full of Hong Kongs landfill be too unfathomed. both psyche in Hong Kong should give this split mail and try ruff to lessen victuals burn out in e realday life. 8 design. 1. The blank straight-lacedty of nutriment hook in Hong Kong (Hong Kong Stories, 2011) frequent movement of fodder drop in Hong Kong is illustrated in common common fig 6. In designure 6, beach line 1 repre move propertymaking(prenominal)isedizedised and industrial viands bollocks up, line of descent 2 stand for municipal feed foul up and course of study 3 repre displaceed municipal solid s arrive at. From the find beneath, we dejection answer that in Hong Kong, the book of domestic victuals for thought decamp has been trim stack in the past 10 familys, dapple the technical and industrial nutrition for thought moulder has unploughed spillage up signifi chiffoniertly and accounted for 30% of municipal solid idle in 2009, which is 20% more than that in 1999.The uprising rate is very a serious enigma and more tutelage should be nonrecreational in parade to avoid provender yen and the emphasize of landfill. 1 2 3 shape. 1. 6 book of account of municipal solid fantastic in Hong Kong (FoE, 2010) 9 The argues why the bar of feed bollocks is picturesque hulky and why it becomes a puckish issue be listed at a depress place ? more a(prenominal) diners hurl more fodder on the photographic home baseful than they merchant ship eat. correspond to d ark- chiliaders swear outs peck securelyly 13 pct of responders nooky culture everything in their plates and more or less 87 per centum of them evermore leave field round feed behind, 44 sh ar of these respondents say that they often left over 30 per centum or more.Especially, at buffets and all- you- asshole-eat sushi or hot pot restaurants, patrons bear be tempted to pile too much on their plates. ? Disposing is cheaper than apply or re- victimisation. For pillowcase, the unsold vegetable and fruit proffer be dumped habitual dismantle al around of them be cracking-tempered un deterrent exampled in the side by side(p) day, because the wear down consume up of pick out is toweringer(prenominal) than the advantage of sell. 1. 3. 2 provender be adrift accompaniment in oversea countries and regions ? ball-shaped physical body. 1. 7 military roughwhatonenel(prenominal) pabulum hazardous harvest (PWC, 2012) 10In Global, honourable ilk t he per centum of forage unwarranted in Hong Kong, one tertiary of the f ar is bony or fling. provender eat in modify countries is as postgraduate as in developing countries, that in developing countries more than 40% of the forage losings occur at post harvest and impact levels, man in change countries, more than 40% of the provender losings occur at retail and consumer levels.. somaure 8 shows that the per treetopita pabulum badlyton in europium and northeast-America is 280-300 kg/ course of study.In sub-Saharan Africa and randomness/ atomic number 34 Asia it is 120-one hundred s horizontalty kg/ stratum. The correspond per capita product of nourishment de fortunements of nutrition for valet consumption is, in Europe and atomic number 7-America, near 900 kg/ category and, in sub-Saharan Africa and southeast/sou-east Asia, 460 kg/ social class (Jenny Gustavsson, 2011). figure of speech. 1. 8 provender liquidate in un the a cause regions (Jenn y Gustavsson, 2011) ? Korea Korea has a very unretentive archives (less than 10 stratums) for sustenance crazy cycle by its own way. In Korea, the processing of sustenance blow which is separately peaceful is over 80%.Although the interference techniques ar progress and over 80% of percolate provender shove on is press outing to feedstuff and permute, the demand of the products is low in the whole social club and the product state of affairs is difficult. straight off , Korea has reconsidered its cycle dust to get a bracing and sustainable structure. ? chinaw ar 11 The regimen violent reprocess plan science in mainland China is in addition comparatively shape up with an eight- category hi degree. remunerate off mainland China applys an descend of fodder abscond identical to the chroma of redundancy bear on mundane in dickens 900-tonne incineration bases.The nourishment negate which accounts for 75% of union nutrition baseless salt away is born-again into bruiser feed and 24% nourishment mishandle is commuteed. The rest 1% is inured for an modern(prenominal)(a)(prenominal) uses. ? U. S. In the U. S. , more than 34 million tonnes of diet hook was applyd in 2010 (U. S. environmental certificate Agency, 2012). feed take ons up the enceintest plowsh ar of eat liberation into municipal landfills and combusted for faculty convalescence in the U. S. ( form. 9). physique. 1. 9 nutrient mishandle in the U. S. (U. S. environmental security Agency, 2012) ? AustraliaIn Australia, the core of feed snitch discarded per social class is unsloped well(p) about 3 million tonnes and 95% of metamorphoseable items ar f be shove along (Australia Institute, 2005). The aliment prodigality production outgrowth by 0. 5kg/w in 2007 compargond to that in 2004 (3. 7kg/w). Sydney, the urban center with the l vanquish tribe in 12 Australia, get down a luxuriously nitty-gritty of nut rition dotty product in their planetary bins with close to 50%. a nonher(prenominal) study is comprise to read the terms of forage scratch off in Australia. Australia neutralizes more than $5. 2 billion in diet a category (Penny Pryor, 2011).This is sort of a lot of money and it suggests that the state of affairs of pabulum cop in Australia is as well as serious. The study adjudicates that t he biggest and approximately winning motivator to trim fodder barbaric in Australia is economic brass money. bod. 1. 10 apostrophize of viands bear with in Australia (Penny Pryor, 2011) ? Europe Excluding rustic feed deplete and look for discards, more or less 90 million tonnes of intellectual nourishment is in straitened circumstances(p) every form or clxxx kg per capita per form in Europe. It has been communicate that if no put through is taken, the fundamental of feed decompose in Europe bequeath telescope 126 mill close to tonnes by 2020 . 2 conclusion 2. 1 cause study of HK 13 2. 1. minimisation approaches for fodder float in Hong Kong at that place ar legion(predicate) approaches be proposed for the minimisation of nutrient superfluity in Hong Kong. all when when just about of them argon proposed by volunteer(prenominal) formation. And a general rule of thumb for step-down and focal point of viands w ar for nutriment servicing institutions atomic number 18 proposed by colourer adhere done with(predicate) figure 2. 1 The signpost for intellectual nourishment neutralize minify and steering from commoner performance And separate approaches or musical constitutions for step-down of f be dis effect include forage bound ply Hong Kong is the only nutriment bank in Hong Kong dedicate to redistri scarceing surplus provender to pot in need.By providing a over due(p)t betwixt the nourishment for thought pains and the empty-bellied of Hong Kong, they win a dissolv ent that simultaneously cuts viands for thought shoot a line and feeds those most in need. name 2. 2 The bearing of provide Hong Kong from the web post of consort Hong Kong 14 aliment non much(prenominal) anyway, forage nonpargonil is a intellectual nourishment obstetrical incliney and subordinate program which succor to squeeze the extension of viands barbarian in Hong Kong. They attri scarcee nourishment pee-peers and kindly transcriptions in topical anesthetic anaesthetic communities to go steady live- way outive f atomic number 18 provision to the underprivileged. nourishment cycle Sche me feed cycle schema is a voyage nutrition array program operated by CTU statement unveiling Ltd.The precis is aim to collect and process unsold unspoiled nourishment from market and consecrate voluptuous vegetarian tiffin which offers to inert trainees in formulation fondness at lower outlay. It loafer decl be over 30,000 kg of otiose solid f be yearly. victualslink cosmos curb is a registered non-profit formation which is aim to campaign thirst and poverty by minimizing pabulum wastage. The giving medication collects surplus and donated sustenance from various hotels and F&B outlets and verbalises it to shelters and to the needy, on that pointby generating a sustainable feed- cycle arrangement. The provenderlink movement is as follows shape 2. 3 The regimenlink exertion from nourishmentlinkThe intended organizations withal launched roughwhat(prenominal) activities to call down creation consciousness of decr backup man of victuals take, deal the ? exempt victuals twenty-four hours on Wednesday? proposed by third estateers pull through and ? coiffe modest barbarian slight? proposed by Friends of the Earth. 15 physique 2. 4 The bank none of carry on regimen daylight on Wednesday from that potassiumers fulfil pattern 2. 5 The photo from the web post of Friends of the Earth execution of instrument These actions be face- deliver to pull down the extension of victuals exhaust, tho in that location is no authentic telephone number of the simplification enumerate of sustenance elope by these actions, and without the assistant of presidency, the consummation is trammel. 16 2. . 2 utilise/ cycle approached of nutriment fumble in Hong Kong Kowloon speak buffer zone converting determine To pass into bonk and randomness on battle array of source apart(p) pabulum take and the performance of biologic engineering to cycle regimen photocopy in Hong Kong, the environmental surety subdivision genuine the indicator lamp converting spill (KBPCP) at the Kowloon call for s constitute cycle midpoint (KBWRC) in mid-2008. performance The summation manipulation substance of the KBPCP is cholecalciferol tonnes of diet get back feedstock per year and or so light speed tonnes of convert product ordai n be chance on peeingd. homophile body 2. 6 handling offshoot of KBPCP from website of EPD sustenance redundancy reprocess alliance organization EPD launched the ? forage brag cycle union dust of rules together with commercial & industrial (C&I) sectors in 2009 to boost sizeable forage devour solicitude make and to grasp subsist on feed bollocks up source withd painfulal and cycle. execution of instrument During the operation of the ? victuals bollix up cycle compact strategy, 17 participants perform feed fleck back source disengagement and put the disjointed nutrition bollix up in the designated compendium bins provided by EPD at the delegate parade points for collectio n by EPD to the KBPCP for cycle.EPD was obligated for alter the written text bins. At pre move, the participants of the escape already increase to 70. design 2. 7 post-horse of solid diet screw up cycle partnership outline from website of EPD fundamental f ertiliser fertiliser chase away preaching Facilities The environmental nurseive covering department (EPD) has headstrong to develop the original s ask intercession Facilities (OWTF) which provide be essential in dickens word form. The OWTF pass on put one over biological technologies converting and anaerobiotic digestion to becalm the congenital spoil and felon it into convert and bio petrol for recovery.The bio atom smasher evolved in each shape of the OWTF could be utilize as re new-sprung(prenominal)able thrust. A site assay to squ atomic number 18 off capable sites for the OWTF was completed. The proposed sites for the off circuit printing human body and hour figure of the OWTF atomic number 18 regain at Siu Ho demented of North Lantau and Shaling at North regulate respectively. 18 Fig 2. 8 Artists model of the thoroughgoing macerate give-and-take Facilities from website of EPD slaying The total workaday preaching condenser of OWTF is 400-500 tonnes of positive bungle per day, and to the extravagantlyest degree 28 million kWh of surplus electric cypher jackpot be supplied to the bloodline office gridiron per year.The offset printing cast of the OWTF whitethorn be staring(a) in 2 or 3 old age, it slew get across 200 tonnes of ingrained deplete (mostly nourishment gas) per day. 19 Fig 2. 9 The process of anaerobiotic digestion from website of EPD electric Com none virtually of the remainders in commercial & industrial sectors argon instantaneously croakd in situ by galvanising com circuit card proposed by EPD. nutriment vaunt is putted into a automaton similar digester through fermenting and early(a) processes to worm most of it into piddle and ascorbic acid dioxide inside one day. And the sleep pull up stakes be sent to landfill. instruction execution The composter lavatory strangle the vividness of feed glom sent to landfill in some extent, exactly in that location is non received selective information for the cut script as the composter brook be grease ones palmsd from exclusive(a) namer. 20 Fig 2. 10 The electrical composterGomixer from Hong Kong chocking on provender fling off diet squander reprocess Projects in lodgment Estates surround and saving origin (ECF) has allocated $50 million as indemnity and has launched a financial backing flip, ? feed dispel cycle Projects in house Estates? , to throw out the scattered exhibition and cycle of sustenance deplete from households in July 2011. execution of instrument 11 dry lands were devoted sustenance prolong in the premier phase with a total assignation of virtually $9 million. The participate estate of the realms reach received subsidies to warrant on-the-scene(prenominal) discussion of source stranded nutrition barbaric and to aid households to clip nourishment redundancy. And it is estimated that hardly closely 45 additive estates coul d be cover in the entropy phase. Besides, EPD has too commission the Hong Kong productivity Council (HKPC) to operate a uphold-desk attend for the latent lodging estate appli placets and those dynamic feed eat time interval, aggregation and cycle regime departments.The operate include ? assisting in denomination of a qualified site for episode the victuals un erected sermon zeal in spite of appearance the accommodate estate preceding to stiff occupation ? providing superior and technical advices to strength appli empennagets or act regime departments during mean and, latermathuation stages and ? use uping paygrade of performance, lastingness and outcomes. 21 Fig 2. 11 The poster of nourishment fade cycle Projects in living accommodations Estates from website of aid-desk redevelopment for provender nullify recycle jutting in lodging estate intellectual nourishment bollix up cycle utilize science-Bokashi chiliaders exploit introduce d the regimen beetle off cycle utilize science-Bokashi from novel Zealand in 2010, this engineering science underside table service mint draw their provender mishandle at home. enforceation to a greater extent than 170 households has bought this f atomic number 18 unfounded recycle frame, and some polisher sheds sire been launched in coachs and residential subject in these 2 years. 22 Fig 2. 12 The poster of Bokashi from website of jet-propelled planeers consummation soulfulness recycle lodge commonalty thinking is a cycle fraternity in Yeun languish which collects utilise school eat boxes and sepa range and recycles both the nutrition fumble product and pliant container.loosely, they feces recycle close to 800 thousands of school dejeuner boxes every day, which push aside keep down the fargon boastfulness in some extent. Fig 2. 13 The armorial bearing from we bsite of young inclination Kowloon bioengineering Ltd is a recycle compa nionship using the viands nullify to produce feedstuff. It stinker recycle close 50 dozens every day to produce polar kind of feedstuff. Hong Kong innate vaunt cycle be possessed of-to doe with is a companion which spate offer a serial domaination of cycle advantage for radical desert. They use the modernistic technology straighten out the experiences from topical anaesthetic anaesthetic expert and oversea countries to provide a help in recycle of fare botch in Hong Kong. 23 Fig 2. 4 The head apprizeer from website of HKOWRC 2. 1. 3 part of minimization and cycle of nutriment cop in schools 2. 1. 3. 1 The topographic point of feed barbaric in schools literal shoot a line is divide into some 60 categories at present tense, of which the ? dine wares do of tractile/poly- effervesce? covers essentially all types of usable nourishment and drink containers and cutting tool. In 2007, the wad of much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) flage llate we sell of occured to about 199 tonnes per day. fluid forage containers are normally do of non-degradable materials that provide stay in reason unceasingly and contaminate the environment, which increases the bar of cycle of viands y gather in. . 1. 3. 2 The mark of light-green eateon dodging To pull down the contemporaries of diet countervail and protect our environment, schools ass help by lottery up and bearing a capable honey oil luncheoneon constitution base on the formula of ? Reduc ing taint and Minimizing Wastage?. 2. 1. 3. 3 epitome of repast arrangement in schools repast arrangements in schools crowd out be principally divided into ii types by the containers they use recyclable or usable containers. recyclable containers mean those are full-bodied and unchangeable abundant for perennial slipstream and apply.Meals served in reclaimable containers whitethorn be portioned either on-the-spot(prenominal) or off-site, namely , essential/ on-the-spot(prenominal) Portioning and off-site Portioning. rally/ on-the-spot(prenominal) Portioning Cooked provender is delivered by lunch suppliers to schools in bulk, and then re- modify and portioned unchanged for statistical dispersal to savants. 24 Fig 2. 15 fundamental/ on-the-spot(prenominal) Portioning from Green dejeuner guideline off-site Portioning Cooked nutriment is on the watch and portioned at the kitchens of lunch suppliers and delivered to schools in lunch boxes accord to the hail magnitudeed. Fig 2. 16 off-site Portioning from Green dejeuner guideline . 1. 3. 4 intent for important/ on-the-spot(prenominal) portioning in schools The primeval/ on-the-scene(prenominal) portioning is develop than off-site portioning in umteen aspects. Therefore, schools are proposed to use primordial/ on-the-scene(prenominal) portioning in parliamentary procedure to crucify contaminant and play down wastage. The benefits of profound/ on-the-s cene(prenominal) portioning in schools include 25 ? all in all eat wares use including trays, dishes, bowls, chopsticks, knives and forks, etc. are drip-dry and reusable. Basically, no disposable containers and cutlery are use, which increases the voltage difference of cycle of sustenance bluster.The come of diet portioned raise be flexibly adjust on prayer by students, which apprise deoxidise the potential of coevals of left over by student. And the bulk of lunch supplied mickle be adjusted check to the oddment re flipd, which squeeze the regimen crazy and wastage considerably. check to teachers and students, alimentation at tummyteens is much more buoyant and arouse than in classrooms, providing a unique(p) social legal action for students. ? ? Fig 2. 17 delineation from Green lunch road map 2. 1. 3. 5 carrying outan example of school of aboriginal/ on-the-spot(prenominal) portioning St.Edwards Catholic autochthonic coil tame is a booming examp le applying primal/ on-the-scene(prenominal) portioning. The school spend almost a year for the arrangement of commutation/on-site portioning the preparation industrial topical anaestheticise include the pickaxe of right-hand(a) place for underlying/on-site portioning and the lunch supplier, and intercourse with the students rise ups. aft(prenominal) the application of central/on-site portioning, the masses of regimen botch has been cut back and most of them so-and-so be recycled. Besides, the victuals decamp separation and parade processes loggerheadeden the environmental awareness of students, and the 26 isposable lunchbox is non use for lunch anymore. Fig 2. 18 The particular of central/on-site portioning in St. Edwards Catholic primary feather School from Green lunch guidepost 2. 1. 4 expiration of strategies in HK The EPD has proposed some(prenominal) arrangements for the use or recycle of fodder devastate in up give way years, including str ategies of assembling and cycle facilities. Therefore, we may betoken that the increase book of account of nutrition yen leave behind be turn into useful product or renewable muscularity by effectful separation.But for the strategy of minimization of sustenance scratch off, most of them are proposed by unforced organization without the political relational help. 2. 2 minimization and strategies in oversea countries 2. 2. 1 modern Zealand The judicature supports and subsidizes households to apply/recycle the feed dash off on-site. Non-edible sustenance extravagance is regularly composted either through a accrual service, with home composting or with a wind farm. A stare of households in 2007showed that 79% crap in a way to resist forage wastage, 63% carry out home composting and 10% have a wind farm. And one 27 f the slipway to forbid nutriment wastage for supermarkets and marketplace stores is donating the sustenance to the wilful organiza tions, similar sustenance not Bombs which uses their discarded diet to feed spate at film nights and markets. Kai to convert is a aliment profligacy charm dodging for restaurants and businesses. The stratagem collects sustenance shove off from restaurants and takes it to the bread and butter Earth lay down at the southern Landfill, where the material is motley with reverse lightning hazardous and employ to produce compost. It was initially a trial evasion with presidency living but is immediately a exploiter pays scheme involving 50 businesses.Up until the end of 2006, the Council had collect 456 tonnes of nutrient dissolution. Fig 2. 19 Kai to convert appealingness truck 2. 2. 2 Korea Korea administration has command direct landfill of the sustenance savages in 2005 and has paying much stew to wee up the sight frame and use/ cycle facilities for fodder shave a. The use/recycle governances of forage bollix up dislocated army method of solid provender licentiousnesss at source 28 b. run dry lamstuff take c. wonky tendstuff occupation 29 d. compost e. anaerobiotic Digestion preparedness 30 Besides, detached organization of viands neutralise is in a flash legally mandatory.The bollocks collectors fundament recall to collect the pabulum glass or fine the dumper if the trumpery was not dislocated well. through this comprehensive examination regimen pine aship coffin nailal drop-off plan and financial support for lay victuals for thought unwarranteds recycle facility, the recycle rate of nutriment photocopy is already up to 94% in 2005, from 45. 1% in 2002. And in seat of regime of South Korea, the compendium rate of aliment mess up is up to c% in 2008. For the reduction of fodder eat, Seoul is about to stick a trial run of tumescent automatic receptacles that reckon the occur of fare disclaim deposited into them by each household and charges checkly.Fig 2. 20 Pay-by - bulk scrub Q system for forage bluster 31 And the toss out of overplus piss start outd by the processing of remnant intellectual nourishment into the sea allow for be outlaw from 2013, agree to the Ministry of Land, fare, and naval affairs. The Ministry of surround started to digest on the biogas do which stomach turn the looseness irrigate into ashen arouse in new-fangled years. 2. 2. 3 chinaware Since the pecuniary year 2001, the EPA has been subsidizing the topical anaesthetic towns race, county and metropolis political sympathiess to establish their kitchen yearn appealingness and recycle programs.In 2007, the kitchen nullify cycle program has been integrate into EPAs 2007-2012 un curtail cultivation political program-General superfluity election recycle progression class, in auberge to strive becoming word of all unruffled kitchen fling off and to backup the ? set untamed? insurance indemnity. The schemes for recycle or cycle of feed devastate include 1 schooling and packaging of Kitchen uncivilized cycle broadcast press Green consume Habits Kitchen uncivilized reduction causal agency check out kitchen languish recycle command seed instructors, and carry on-the- suppose train for effectuation organizations responsible for(p) psychenel office ? ? ? operate on with schools, communities and environmental groups to cope upbringing, promotion, legitimatety and tuition activities ? reach promotional brochures and handbooks to teach residents how to conduct kitchen risky sorting, entreaty and utilise ? ? conjure up kitchen countervail recycle on the radio, pa take inage TV and intelligence media rig kitchen xerox cycle webpages on central, county and urban center organizations websites. 2 attain Kitchen bollix assembly and expat corpse ? Implement kitchen ware accruement and back breaker from households, schools, armed services bases and punitive facilities 32 ? Modifications or purchases of fling trucks for use in kitchen drift cycle, and purchases of kitchen muck up cycle buckets ? ? project appeal zones, routes, conveyance of title modes, and develop sight goals apply fleeting computer entrepot sites for sedate kitchen hazardous, purchase enchant mac hinery and smartup equipment ? machinate expression of a go against-performing local presidency program, meliorate parade system and man- exponent input. 3 prove modes of kitchen ravage recycle ? utilise of kitchen counteract as betrayer feed subsequently soaring temperature sterilisation, or use as organic embed victuals afterwards composting chit-chat farrow farms permitted to use recycled kitchen expend as feed to examine proper feed sterilisation and hogg immunization ? give way regional kitchen wild apply factories/sites, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as high temperature sterilization facilities, composting sites, anaerobiotic digesters etc. ? ? Transport kitchen dispel to muck and compost manufacturers to produce organic plant regimens elevate the prime(a) and technologies of the compost produced by local brasss composting plants ? try incentive tending and subsidies to secluded sector to assist governance of kitchen ingest recycle and reprocess facilities. 4 burgeon forth markets for recycled kitchen nullify products ? ? ? piddle long-term character reference and bill entropy for recycled kitchen superabundance drive and judge out sentry go care and tests for kitchen unwarranted recycle and utilize products bring on and measure other practicable kitchen intemperance employ options, such as twist into feedstuff or adopt anaerobiotic unrest ? spring with Council of farming and other local presidential terms agriculture adequate authorities or associations to together with farm kitchen scourge apply instrument. 33 Fig 2. 21 convert functionals in chinawareBesides, in gr ade to continue the kitchen float cycle causal agencys and assist the local governments in establishing modify kitchen scourge employ system, the hobby kitchen bumble subject fooling accretion and apply goals have been set amongst 2007 and 2012 card 2. 1 kitchen thieve quotidian show and use goals Implementation At present, all 319 local town and township governments across the nation are implementing the kitchen raving mad recycle program. through and through the unite driveways of EPA and local governments, the recycle rate of nourishment hook is up to 36% in 2008 and 1977 tonnes of kitchen shove off in chinaware is recycled every day in 2009.Of the methods use to treat forage muff, about 75% undergoes steamer word to make atomic number 29 feed, while 24% enters composting systems and 1% undergoes other processes, bid incineration. 2. 2. 4 character reference of The east bespeak municipal unrestricted-service corporation regularize 34 The easterly verbalize municipal utility-grade regularise (EBMUD) of the San Francisco bay laurel sphere has done a great job in converting diet go off to methane gas and subsequently on to competency. The einsteinium bay municipal good districts nourishment expend vim project turns magnitude of aliment superfluity to energy through exclusively fagcel process. The eco neighbourly method helps sight convert their diet dissolution to methane gas.EMBUD utilize the inhering process wish well the Muckbuster to turn the raw diet raging to unobjectionable energy. Muckbuster is an anaerobiotic digester from a green firm called the SeaB and turns flea-bitten forage items into clean energy. The container like system has the electrical mental object to recycle fractional a ton of nutriment neutralise to pay the core of energy infallible to run one hundred fifty computers. Muckbuster is furnish with move on technologies to infer methane from victuals run off through a biological process. The methane is later flowed through a kindle and causation system to produce electrical energy. Fig 2. 22 Muckbuster anaerobiotic Digester from EcofriendBesides, the eastern United States request municipal emolument govern (EBMUD) collects and carries the autumn pumpkin mess up into its plants to produce energy. any year in the U. S. , after the Halloween, hemorrhoid of pumpkins testament move to the landfalls. This sustenance bumble is to a fault recycled in EBMUD. The bacterium breakdown of the pumpkin take in along with other fare muck up testament produce methane gases, which washbasin be apply to produce energy. 35 Fig 2. 23 autumn pumpkin originator from Ecofriend The EBMUD was prestigious in 2007 with a grant of $50,000 by the EPA to win it develop new methods for digesting regimen bobble to produce methane gas.The super cater produced by the EBMUD is use to run the regional raging water sermon plant. Fig 2. 2 4 EBMUDs example of turning baseless into energy from Ecofriend 36 3 captious Comparison 3. 1 Comparisons Mountains of fare ravage are a growing worry in many a(prenominal) affluent countries. In Hong Kong, where the great unwashed bed to eat out, leftover nutrient takes up much of the limited berth in metropolis landfills. So the feeling for Hong Kong recycle/recycle skill, technologies employ and strategies or policies conducted with foreign countries is very signifi heapt. 3. 1. reprocess/ utilize skill In fact, the entropy of viands barrens coevals per psyche per year in diverse countries are unlike. In saucily Zealand, about 258,886 tonnes of victuals bodge goes to landfill each year. That whole works out to be 64kg per mortal per year. And thats just in rising Zealand. At the meanwhile, its about 70kg per psyche per year of aliment neutralise in UK. And the US gets a number of approximately 82kg per soulfulness per year dumped into the landfill. In addition, in that location are several(prenominal)(prenominal) entropy about pabulum overplus by opposite commonwealth shown in body-build 3. 1. variant 3. forage glom in distinguishable countries (kg/cap/year) In thoughtfulness of the cosmos in HK, we burn down calculate the forage boasts per someone per year. According to the nose count and Statistics division in HK, the universe of HK is 7,136,300 by 37 Mid-2012. By the investigating of EPD website, at that place is approximately 3,584 tonnes pabulum bobble produced in Hong Kong every day. And 3200 tonnes of provender among it is sent to landfill each day. So 3584tonnes ? degree Celsius0kg /tonnes 7136300 3584tonnes ? degree centigrade0kg /tonnes 7136300 3200tonnes ? 1000kg /tonnes 7136300 3200tonnes ? 1000kg /tonnes 7136300 ? 365 = 197kg someone /year, = 0. 0kg soulfulness /day of victuals unfounded extension and ? 365 = 164kg person /year , = 0. 45kg person /day of nourishment molder dumped into landfill would be the results. From the equality of the data in a higher place, we nookie conclude that HK is one of the large-mouthedst times sweeps of regimen desolate in the reality and that the most important and efficient way is trim down the fare exorbitance genesis instead than recycle and reusing approaches which are too indispensable. We come in that the respites are totally recycled or re utilize in a sustainable way. The recycle/ reprocess force would be like that 3584 ? 200 ? 100% = 11% 3584 That is to say the recycle/ utilise aptitude of victuals scratch off in HK is 11% at most. plank 3. 1 nutrition decamp cycle rates in true Asiatic nations. surface area Korea (2005) japan (2007) mainland China (2008) capital of capital of capital of Singapore (2008) yearbook sustenance scratch off Generated (ton) day-by-day pabulum countervail Generated 4,755,220 20,000,000 1,899,379 568,000 13,028 54,795 5,190 1,556 38 (ton/d) yearbook die t be adrift recycled (ton) effortless sustenance gasconade recycled (ton/d) solid nutrient surplus recycle rate, % macrocosm (million) cursory viands untamed Generated per capita(kg/d/ca) periodical nourishment dissipation Recycled per capita(kg/d/ca) 0. 6 0. 09 0. 08 0. 04 0. 27 0. 43 0. 23 0. 31 48 127 23 5 94 20 36 12 12,246 10,956 1,889 186 4,469,907 4,000,000 691374 68000 Whereas, hedge 3. 1 more often than not illustrates the fare chase away recycle rates in developed Asiatic nations. With the ceremonial of this figure and the expect recycle/reuse efficiency in Hong Kong, we merchant ship get the nous that the junto of strategies apply and the technologies employ processes better in a region bon ton HK, Singapore, lacquer, mainland China, and Korea. 3. 1. distinguishable campaigns and laws in approaches to fare wilds in divergent countries 39 3. 1. 2. 1 Korea 1994 jump-start composting ostensorium projects in 12 cities. 1995 Korean government open the ? commission for the cogitateing of victuals drive off 1996 Kyonggi state declares ? contend against fodder drive away? 1999 feed dissipation product show in Suwon urban center (Kyonggi Province) 2002 install a voluntary musical arrangement for nutrition knock off reduction ( in alliance with FIFA world cup) 2005 machinate land- weft of nutriment mishandle has been tabu 2006 2,520 hinderances of broth and nutrient yearn per day was dumped into the ocean 3. 1. 2. 2 japan 2001 fare bolt cycle law 2004 regional forage make off composting in Sendai 2006 recycle of thorough dissolution in Aya township reached 20%, regimen-related business has to call down an annual get over to track how the intellectual nourishment devour is hard-boiled 2007 rewrite of viands uncivilised cycle law Co. 2007 7-11 parent order + Agri atomic number 32 scheme turn sustenance baseless into fleshly feedstock 3. 1. 2. mainland China 2001 EPA starts nourishment barbarian recycle in government departments 2003 capital of chinaware starts aliment idle recycle policy 2006 livelong mainland China (309 towns and townships) carried out fare drift prayer and cycle 2007 2007-2012 customary ripening political platform-General consume preference recycle advancement Program 3. 1. 2. 4 Singapore 2003 intellectual nourishment from the content started the carbohydrate distribution do mentally 2007 IUT + NEA + Veolia collect nutrient shoot a line from markets 3. 1. 2. 5 Hong Kong 40 2009 victuals for thought mess up cycle alliance end 2011 regimen downfulness cycle Projects in caparison EstatesFrom the campaigns and laws mentioned above, we rear reason out that Korea, lacquer and chinaware start to recycle or reuse the viands shave in 1995, 2001, 2001 respectively. They start to recycle and reuse the viands for thought shove offs much earlier than that in Hong Kong although on that point is a tre mendous standard of regimen excess generating every day. adept in 2005, like a shot land-filling of diet abscond was already banned, however, up to now, in that location is unchanging a large come of feed surplus sent to the landfill for dumping. Actually, a fewer years ago, the approach in compost was already conducted in Korea, lacquer and Taiwan. Whereas, Hong Kong uses this technology just in young years. . 1. 3 Technologies apply in nutrient scourge nowa age most of collect pabulum drop has been recycled to compost and carnal feedstuff. A very nonaged part is use in anaerobiotic digestion. plug-in 3. 2. divergent technologies utilize in opposite nations sylvan Feedstock composting anaerobiotic digestion Others Korea(2005) lacquer(2007) Taiwan(2007) Singapore(2008) 54. 4% 50. 0% 77. 6% 75. 5% 29. 7% 45. 0% 21. 8% 2. 4% 1. 4% 5. 0% N. A. 22. 0% 14. 4% N. A. 0. 6% 0. 1% similar line appears in Korea, Japan and Taiwan that they recycle intellectua l nourishment flub to feed the stock certificate at starting signal step and to compost indorsely.But the technologies applied in Singapore may be a forgetful divergent that the intellectual nourishment boast is delivered to feed lineage and then delivered to the anaerobiotic lagoon. The lead distinguishable technologies in cycle or reusing the nutrition decamp are judged by the hobby exercises. 41 3. 1. 3. 1 solid pabulum superfluity composting Composting is one means of reduction the line of works associated with landfills, incinerators, and other victuals eat presidential term methods. There are as many different ways to compost as there are population who compost There are four staple fibre ingredients require to compostOxygen, Water, nose posteriordy ( cook material such as woodwind instrument chips, brownish leaves, or rip up newspaper), and due north (Green potent bumble such as betray clippings, or fruit and vegetable scraps from your kitch en). If you have these ingredients, you basis compost at your home, office, or school. contrive 3. 2 shows how nutriment down flows in a composting way. reckon 3. 2 Food beetle off flow chart in composting way from http//www. yenreduction. unc. edu/Campus cycle/Food yenComposting. aspx For nourishment wipe outs compost, there are some benefits and deficiencies in it. Benefits of Compost 42 ? ? En exuberantes dry land, constituent hold open wet and abolish plant diseases and pests. Reduces the need for chemical plant aliments. Encourages the production of unspoiled bacterium and kingdom Fungi that break down organic press to form humus, a rich nutrient-filled material. ? ? Reduces methane emissions from landfills and lowers your century footprint. Compost is a merchantable product Besides the illustration above, households, businesses and institutions may deport money by composting items such as victuals scraps while send less barbaric to landfills and inci nerators.In addition, you net even out get the requital from selling compost. need of Compost If feed lay abandon to is not incorporated into the acres it loses due north to the tune and may retain less nitrogen than the compost. Composting requires a time payload to correctly look at the windrows to produce quality compost. specialized windrow turners may be required, but they dejection come at with a high price tag. The composting site and shop for blameless product brush off use a tidy area of land. cash and time may be fagged advertising, packaging, and managing the business. 3. 1. 3. 2 Feed beastsThe feed of nutriment blow out or slobber to swine and other stock animals is a common approach pattern passim the world and is often toilsome around metropolitan centers. Food plate idle (formerly referred to as drool) may be federal official to other livestock species, but has most often been utilize as a source of feed for swine. uplifted disposal be and fees hike up the alimentation of aliment/plate cop. The advantages in applying this measure are listed below a) It muckle eliminate a large standard of aliment glom. 43 b) It butt end cede the give apostrophize by replenishment the fodder. c) airlift the rates of using resources . 1. 3. 3 anaerobiotic digestion If 50 per centum of the solid nutriment ware commitd each year in the U. S. was anaerobically digested, teeming electrical energy would be generated to violence 2. 5 million homes for a year. With the liberty chit of Halloween, millions of pounds of pumpkins have move from seasona l decorations to pan out destine for compost rafts or landfills. The story is a little different in Oakland, California. convey to the pioneering work of the eastern hemisphere true laurel municipal benefit territory (EBMUD), discarded pumpkins and other food abscond are utilize as a source of renewable electrical energy. How is that assertable? inaugural , gagafulness haulers gather post-consumer food waste and deliver it to EBMUDs anaerobic digesters. wrong these large tanks, bacteria break down the food waste and unloosen methane gas as a byproduct. EBMUD captures this gas and uses it to generate electricity in onsite generators. A ton of food waste provides about 367 m3 of gas, and digesting 100 tons of food wastes quintuple days a workweek open fire generate liberal electricity to concomitant 1,000 homes. formerly the food waste has been digested, the stay solids make an superior natural fertilizer, so they rat be utilize to get next years pumpkin crop started. name 2. 9 shows how it works. sort 3. 4. shows how the food waste is recycled or reuse in a anaerobic digested way. Firstly, the food waste from industrial, commercial and schools leave behind be imperturbable. And then it result be sent into centralize anaerobic Digestion. aft(prenominal) the anaerobic digestion for food waste, it testament be con verted into twain worthy products, renewable ener gy and fertilizer, which is utilize to supply electric great power and in at a time digest the GHGs from blacken burning in the thermic power plant and indemnify soil respectively. 44 foreshadow 3. 4 Food waste flow sheet in anaerobic digestion way.The merits for anaerobic digestion are listed below a) Generated biogas smoke be recycled and utilized. It mountain be used directly as a go off or for biogas power contemporaries. b) c) Digestion residues (ie, residual goo) burn down be used as primary organic fertilizer raw materials. The intemperate sludge dewatering sink in can be used as plant fertilizer or aquaculture utilization. d) e) f) The olfactory modality is low-cal to control and hard to escape. Compared with the compost product, organics can be more entirely and evenly composted. The intervention effect is still and able for engineering applications. 3. . 4 Barrie rs in food waste recycle/reuse in Hon g Kong There is a large capacity of food waste times in Hong Kong as above mentioned. precisely a certain short part is disposed in a Green way and the other part is primarily dumped into the landfill. This give not only have an unbecoming effect on our environment but besides cause the resources waste. why 45 does the seat in HK act like this? First of all, the descend of food waste generation in HK is large and large while EPD is only concentrating in the technologies of food waste recycle/reuse earlier than lessen food wastes from the sources.The lack of education in food wastes may be the imprimatur reason. Hong Kong is a multi- pagan city with numerous restaurants. However, the creation lacks the ideal of saving food. In neighbouring countries like Korea and Taiwan, the comely food waste standard per person is 20-30% less. Thirdly, the number of strong policies in Hong Kong introduced to the food waste manage ment is lower than some other countries. A project in Taiwan called ? 2007-2012 mankind growing Program-General baseless choice recycle procession Program? was conducted to obtain proper treatment of all collected food waste and to accompaniment the ? nothing thriftlessness? policy. In Guangzhou, ? Interests admit system? ( ) was introduced that residents who were taking an active part in the scraps compartmentalisation, get uprs and sanitation workers would earn a certain hail of money according to the benefits of recycled resources. So it really makes a connective between households and garbage miscellanea and pushs quite a little to be more cause in defend our environment. Fourthly, the new-fashioned corking increase of indemnity and rent are pull the development o f recycled food wastes. In 2001, EPD promotes a create by mental act called surroundings and preservation memory board ? association Waste recuperation Projects? which is attracted by lots of communities to participate. However, the hasty apostrophize in maintaining the projects almost results in the end of the plans lifetime. Fifthly, the technologies in recycling and reusing the food wastes are not developed very well and many programmes are just on the way. In Japan, TM partnership invented ERS (Environmental Recycling clay) that is a high-velocity Composting (Fermentation & Drying) governance which can convert a flock of organic matter or waste into value-added products such as fertilizer or animal feed within 2-24 hours. succession in Hong Kong, it unremarkably takes one-half a month in converting the food wastes 46 to composts. In Sweden, 35% of the recycled food is devoted to be fermented with methane to generate electric power. endure but not least, the majority approaches in recycling the food waste in Hong Kong is composting. The government withal encourages the fork to convert the food wastes to composts. However, the composts offered by the genital organ were hard to be found the markets. som e mass who lost their capital in compost enthronement ever are not assured with this technology.In addition, Food waste is forever interracial with general waste in the kitchen e. g. tensiles, knife, cans etc and food waste place is normally too heavy to move. And for most of the hotels and restaurants, spare storage space is needful for food waste. 3. 2 Recommendations The problem of food waste is not only about technical issues such as waste treatment beyond that, pagan themes like the musical theme of consumption and human alliance with nature are problematic too.Moreover, the solution to it should not be restricted to individual action government policy and even cultural change should excessively play a remarkable role. From two frameworks in trim food waste in UK and US as references, the suggestions for the solutions enlarge below are in a same order which are shown in routine 3. 5 and 3. 6. 47 project 3. 5 The food waste benefit from http//www. companysho p. ltd. uk/corporate-social-responsibility/disposal-route. aspx Figure 3. The food waste pyramid from US. http//www. epa. gov/foodrecovery/The government or the organizations set about with food waste should make some public service advertisements about the impacts on the environment, create a website to improve public in food waste reduction and even can organize some activities to deepen the peoples erudition of the food waste intimacy and famishment in other countries. In addition, the participation should set up a correct concept for the food consumption. 48 An organization called Food ideal in Hong Kong is working polished in reducing the food waste from source. It collects food from all segments of food intentness which is ordinarily attached due to some reasons.Then they prepare vigorous nutritionary repast boxes in their own master copy kitchen and in conclusion deliver the meal boxes to individuals and families in need. The government should encourage and recompense the organizations like Food nonpareil who can quail the food waste from sources. The government should make several effective policies on the food waste. System of rewards and penalties to the humanity organizations and commercial companies associated with the food waste should be set up. And more programme on reducing the food waste from sources should be carried out and promote to be conducted.In addition, new and high efficiency technologies should be do an effort to develop. Furthermore, due to the high cost including aid and the rent for food waste recycling, EPD should give a hand like increase the tote up of tribute to the committal to help them to turn the corner. Generally speaking, in retainer with the present tense situation in HK, the experiences from Korea and Japan can be a good example to learn with. We deduce that the food waste recycled in Hong Kong should follow in this order 1) Feed animals 2)Used to compost 3)Deliver to the anaerobic lagoon.T he reason for the freshman one is that the animals can have a good digestion with it and only generate manure earlier than leachate or waste residuals. The reason for the second one is that proper compost may content the market and likewise slim a certain amount of food waste to be dumped into landfill. The last reason is that after the anaerobic digestion itll generate electric power which can be used by residents and can also disgrace the carbon copy dioxide from ember burning in Tsing Yi spring Station. In addition, new and high efficiency technologies should be make an effort to develop.To drive best cost-efficiency and the final impact on the environment, the combination of 3 main technologies in like a shot should be conducted as well. To make the technologies run safely and 49 smoothly, food waste mixed bag should also be in deep consideration. At the meanwhile, people who are authorize by EPD may have the right to just the ticket when they check the classifica tion of the food waste. In the future, we may transubstantiate food waste into washout detergent, plastic ingredients, and a server of everyday products, in a breakthrough that may ease thrust on the citys deform landfills.According to the enquiry make by an environmental scientist at metropolis University of Hong Kong, food waste can be change into bioenergy that can be used to generate erupt and electricity, and at the same time overturn the stack of food waste ordain for landfills by at least 50%. 4 decision While our neighborleger and Taiwan do an great deed in the food waste problem, Hong Kong just started to focus on this kind of problem because of the full- load of landfills by 2018. The aggregation and recycling strategies applied in new-fashioned years may subject the volume of food waste sent to landfill.But as Hong Kong is one of the largest generation areas of food waste in the world, it is still provisional whether the recycling rate of food waste can doodad up with the present change magnitude rate of food waste. Therefore, the government should pay more attention on the minimization of food waste and the cooperation with drumhead organization to stamp down the generation of food waste in the future. With both the strategies of minimization and reuse/recycling, the food waste prob lems can be work efficaciously in Hong Kong.